NR601 All Week Discussion Latest 2019

NR601 Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family

NR601 All Week Discussion Latest 2019

Week 2 Discussion

DQ1 ACC/AHA Guidelines Discussion

Chief complaint: medication refill "ran out of medicine"

HPI: BJ, a 68-year-old AA female presents to the clinic for prescription refills. The patient also indicates that she has noticed shortness of breath which started about 3 months ago. The SOB gets worse with activity, especially when she is playing with her grandchildren but it goes away once she sits down to rest. She reports that she is also bothered by shortness of breath that wakes her up at night, but it resolves after sitting upright on 3 pillows. She also has lower leg edema which started 1 week ago. She also indicates that she often feels light headed and faint while going up the stairs, but it subsides after sitting down to rest. She has not tried any OTC medications at home. She never filled her prescriptions, which she received at her checkup 6 months ago, she did not think it was important.

PMH:

Hypertension

Previous history of MI in 2010

Surgeries:

2010-Left Anterior Descending (LAD) cardiac stent placement

Allergies: Amoxicillin

Vaccination History:

She receives an annual flu shot. Last flu shot was this year

Has never had a Pneumovax

Has not had a Td in over 20 years

Has not had the herpes zoster vaccine

Social history:

High school graduate, a widow with one son who loves out of state. She drinks one 4-ounce glass of red wine daily. She is a former smoker that stopped 20 years ago.

Family history:

Both parents are deceased. Father died of a heart attack; mother died of natural causes. She had one brother who died of a heart attack 20 years ago at the age of 52.

ROS:

Constitutional: Lightheaded and faint with exertion.

Respiratory: Shortness of breath with exertion (playing with grandchildren and stairs). + Orthopnea

Cardiovascular: + leg and ankle swelling x 1 week

Psychiatric: Not taking medications for 6 months - "ran out"

Physical examination:

Vital Signs

Height: 5 feet 2 inches Weight: 163 pounds BMI: 29.8 BP 150/86 T 98.0 oral P 100 R 22, non-labored;

HEENT: normocephalic, symmetric. Bilateral cataracts; PERRLA, EOMI; Upper and lower dentures in place a fitting well. No tinnitus

NECK: Neck supple; non-palpable lymph nodes; no carotid bruits. Thyroid non-palpable

LUNGS: inspiratory crackles

HEART: Normal S1 with S2 split during expiration. An S4 is noted at the apex; systolic murmur noted at the right upper sternal border without radiation to the carotids.

ABDOMEN: Normal contour; active bowel sounds all four quadrants; no palpable masses.

PV: Pulses are 2+ in upper extremities and 1+ in pedal pulses bilaterally. 2+ pitting edema to her knees noted bilaterally

GENITOURINARY: no CVA tenderness; not examined

MUSCULOSKELETAL: Heberden's nodes at the DIP joints of all fingers and crepitus of the bilateral knees on flexion and extension with tenderness to palpation medially at both knees. Kyphosis and gait slow, but steady.

PSYCH: normal affect; her Mini-Cog Score is 3. Her PHQ-9 score is 22.

SKIN: Sparse hair noted on lower legs and feet bilaterally with dry skin on her ankles and feet.

Labs:: Hgb 12.2, Hct 37%, K+ 4.2, Na+140, Cholesterol 230, Triglycerides 188, HDL 37, LDL 190, TSH 3.7, glucose 98 BUN 12 Cr 0.8

A:

Primary Diagnosis:

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (150.9)

Secondary Diagnoses:

Primary Hypertension (I10)

Depression F32.3:

Obesity (E66):

Osteoarthritis (OA) (715.90)

Differential Diagnosis:

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) (173.9)

P:

Medications:

Sertraline 25 mg. Take 1 tab PO QD disp#30, 1 refill

Tylenol 650 mg PO Q4 hours as needed for arthritis pain

Labs: UA; Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP); LFTs and TSH.

12-lead EKG, Chest X-ray; Initial 2D echo with Doppler; Ankle-brachial index

Education:

Congestive heart failure is caused by the inability of your heart to pump blood effectively enough to meet the demands of your body. If you think of your body as any other pump, if fluid does not move well through the system, then it will back up into other spaces. When blood backs up it puts a lot of pressure on the blood vessels, which forces fluid to leak out into the nearby tissue. With CHF, this fluid usually moves into your lungs, legs, or abdomen.

The signs of worsening CHF include decreased energy level, shortness of breath during your normal routine, increased swelling to your legs and feet, your clothes feel tight, or a wet sounding cough. Call the office if these symptoms occur.

Weigh yourself every morning at the same time. If you have a 3 pound weight gain in 24 hours, or a 5 pound weight gain over a week, you should call the office.

Exercise and maintaining a normal weight is very important. You should try to exercise at least 20-30 minutes a day, more if possible. Start slow with walking.

Decrease your salt intake. Do not add any extra salt to foods. Salt makes you retain fluid, and it makes you want to drink more fluid. Avoid fast food and prepared food as they are usually very high in sodium.

If you notice your legs swelling, elevate them up and rest. Do not drink alcohol and continue to avoid smoking or second hand smoke.

Take your medications as directed, with water. Do not stop them abruptly or skip doses.

I have started you on a medication for depression. It can take 2 weeks to start to feel it working and up to a month until you can fell the real benefits.

If you start to feel more depressed, like you want to harm yourself or others, please contact me right away or got to the ER.

Referrals: may refer based on lab results

Follow up: return to office in 2 weeks

Additional lab results:

Echo results: LVEF 39%

BNP - 682 pg/ml

Questions: You determine the medications for CHF/ASCVD

According to the ACC/AHA Guidelines, what is BJ's heart failure stage?

According to the ACC/AHA Guidelines, what medications should BJ be prescribed?

Does she need any additional medication given her history of MI?

Write her complete prescriptions using the prescription writing format.

DQ2 Polypharmacy Discussion

Polypharmacy is a common concern, especially in the elderly.

List the definitions of polypharmacy you encounter in your readings. There is more than one.

Discuss three risk factors that can lead to polypharmacy. Explain the rationale for why each listed item is a risk factor. This is different than adverse drug reactions. ADRs can be a result of polypharmacy, and is important, but ADRs are not a risk factor.

Discuss three action steps that a provider can take to prevent polypharmacy.

Provide an example of how your clinical preceptors have addressed polypharmacy.

 

 

NR601 Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family

Week 3 Discussion

DQ1 Geriatric Assessment Tools

Review the course library page list of available screening tools. Link to Library (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Scroll down and look on the left hand side of the screen: Geriatric Assessment tools

Choose two assessment tools that are appropriate for primary care (excluding depression, anxiety and pain screening tools) and discuss the following:

explain the purpose of the tool

scoring guidelines

how you apply the assessment in practice

*If you would like to present a screening tool that is not listed, contact your instructor for approval.

DQ2 Psychiatric Disorders and Screening

Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric problems you will encounter in your primary care practice.

Review this case study

 

HPI: KB, 55 year old Caucasian female who presents to office with complaints of fatigue. The fatigue has been present for 6 months and seems worse in the morning, improving slightly through the day. KB reports a lack of energy and "loss of joy". States" I really don't feel like going anywhere or doing anything" Reports she often has difficulty staying on task and completing projects for work. She reports not feeling hungry and does not feel rested when she wakes up in the morning. KB is a widow for 2 years, social events that are couples only can make her symptoms worse. She tries to do at least one social activity a week but it can be really exhausting. Her husband died in their car while she was driving him to the hospital and sometimes driving in that car makes all the memories come back. She recently got a puppy, which she thought would help with the loneliness but the care of the puppy seems overwhelming at times. Rest and exercise, specifically yoga and meditation seem to make her feel better. At this time she does not want to do either. She has not tried any medications, prescribed or otherwise. She reports drinking a lot of coffee, but that does not seem to help.

Current medications: Excedrin PM about once a week when she can't sleep, seems to help a bit. NKDA.

PMH: no major illnesses. Immunizations up to date.

SH: widowed, employed full time as a manager. Drinks wine, 1 glass every night. No tobacco, no illicit drugs. Previously married while living in France, reports an abusive relationship. The French government gave custody of her son to the ex-husband. She returned to US without her son 10 years ago. She sees her son two times a year, they skype and text "all the time" but she misses him.

FH: Parents are alive and well. Has one son, age 21, he is healthy but lives in France with his father.

ROS

CONSTITUTIONAL: reports weight loss of 2-3 pounds, no fever, chills, or weakness reported

HEENT: Eyes: No visual loss, blurred vision, double vision or yellow sclera. Ears, Nose, Throat: No hearing loss, sneezing, congestion, runny nose or sore throat.

CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, chest pressure or chest discomfort. No palpitations or edema.

RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath, cough or sputum.

GASTROINTESTINAL: Reports decreased appetite for about 3 months. No nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. No abdominal pain or blood.

NEUROLOGICAL: No headache, dizziness, syncope, paralysis, ataxia, numbness or tingling in the extremities. No change in bowel or bladder control.

GENITOURINARY: no burning on urination. Last menstrual period 4 years ago.

PSYCHIATRIC: No history of diagnosed depression or anxiety. Reports great anxiety due to verbal and concern for physical abuse, reports feeling very sad and anxious when divorcing and leaving her son in France. Did not seek treatment. She started to feel better after about 4 months.

ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No reports of sweating, cold or heat intolerance. No polyuria or polydipsia

ALLERGIES: No history of asthma, hives, eczema or rhinitis.

Discussion Questions:

1. Research screening tools for depression and anxiety.

Choose one screening tool for depression and one screening tool for anxiety that you feel are appropriate to screen KB.

Explain why you chose that particular tool for KB. If you can, attempt to score KB based on the information provided (not all data may be provided). Include what questions could be scored, and your chosen score.

2. Identify your next step for evaluation and treatment for KB.

What medication, if any, would you recommend for treatment? Provide the rationale. This should include the medication class, mechanism of action of the medication and why this medication is appropriate for KB. Include initial prescribing information.

If the medication works as expected, when should KB expect to start feeling better?

 

 

NR601 Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family

Week 6 Discussion

Post Menopausal and Sexuality Issues in the Maturing and Older Adult Discussion

Ageism and gender bias can affect who and how we ask about sexual health, sexual activity, and concerning symptoms. Depending on your own level of comfort and cultural norms this can be a tough conversation for some providers. But this is an important topic and as our videos discussed, women are wanting us to ask about sexual concerns. This week we also reviewed sexually transmitted diseases and the effects of ageism on time to diagnosis so it is necessary to ask these questions and provide good education for all patients. You will not know any needs unless you ask.

Discussion Questions:

Review the required NAMS videos. What was the most surprising thing you learned about in the videos? Explain why it was surprising.

What is GSM? What body systems are involved? How does this affect a woman's quality of life?

What treatment does Dr Shapiro recommend?

Review one aspect of treatment that Dr Shapiro recommends and include an EBP journal article or guideline recommendation in addition to referencing the video in your response.

Sexuality and the older adult

What is your level of comfort in taking a complete sexual history? Is this comfort level different for male or female patients? If so, why?

How will this information impact the way you will interact with your mature and elderly clients?

 

 

 

NR601 Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family

Week 7 Discussion

Reflection

Reflect back over the past eight weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #5, the MSN Essential VIII, and the Nurse Practitioner Core Competency # 8 Ethics Competencies.

Chamberlain College of Nursing Program Outcome #5

Advocates for positive health outcomes through compassionate, evidence-based, collaborative advanced nursing practice. (Extraordinary nursing)

Masters Essential VIII: Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving Health

Design patient-centered and culturally responsive strategies in the delivery of clinical prevention and health promote on interventions and/or services to individuals, families, communities, and aggregates/clinical populations.

Integrate clinical prevention and population health concepts in the development of culturally relevant and linguistically appropriate health education, communication strategies, and interventions.

NONPF: #8 Ethics Competencies

Integrates ethical principles in decision making.

Evaluates the ethical consequences of decisions.

Applies ethically sound solutions to complex issues related to individuals, populations and systems of care

Review the assignment rubric for specific requirements for this reflection post.