Harper HUM101 Week 8 Quiz Latest 2021 April

HUM101 ANCIENT THROUGH THE MEDIEVAL WEST

Week 8 Quiz

Question 1The type of political system in which power and wealth rested with armed men in control of plots of agricultural land is called ________________.

Question 2In the system named in #1, the people working the land became tied to the land, becoming ____________. Although these peasants were not technically slaves, they were not free to leave the land and they had to obey the owner of the manor.

Question 3The people living and working in towns came to be known as the ____________ or middle class. They were the merchants and craftsmen who benefitted from and supported increasing trade of the High Middle Ages.

Question 4Medieval organizations called ___________ became the center of power in towns. Their purpose was to give craftsmen a way to protect the quality and prices of the good they sold, and to provide training and credentials to new workers.

Question 5The attempt by Christian kingdoms of northern Spain to take control away from the Muslims who ruled Spain was called the _______________________.

Question 6The Catholic Church was damaged by potentially corrupt practices, such as _________________, the selling of Church offices.

Question 7On November 27th, 1095, in Clermont, Pope _________________ gave a sermon to call on all Christian warriors to devote themselves to doing battle against the “pagans” who had control of Jerusalem. This was the beginning of the Crusades, a series of wars that lasted for over 150 years and had major, transformative impacts on Western Europe.

Question 8One of the reasons for the Crusades was to secure sites sacred to Christians, such as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, where Jesus’s crucified body was said to have been entombed. These sacred sites were the objectives of _____________________, a journey undertaken out of religious devotion.

Question 9A style of church building called ___________________ developed as a result of the need for larger “reliquary” churches, to hold the large crowds that would travel to see a relic, a sacred object, such as a piece of the “True Cross”. These buildings featured rounded arches and elaborate interior decorations.

Question 10The English nobility’s’ rebellion against King John in the early 1200’s led to the nobles’ forcing the king to sign the ____________________ in 1215, a document that became the foundation of English democracy. It limited the power of the king, so that he was forced to get permission before raising taxes.

Question 11Starting in the late 1100’s, a set of rules for nobles’ behavior called the __________________ Tradition became the main theme of a literary form called the “Romance”. This set of rules established how men and women of noble birth should behave, especially toward each other.

Question 12The religious order named the Dominicans often worked at the new universities, studying the works of Aristotle and Plato, as well as the writings of early Church fathers. Their attempts to reconcile the Church’s teachings and Christian scriptures with Greek and Roman sources was called _________________________.

Question 13The first European “universities” were established in the cities of ______________, Paris, and Oxford.

Question 14The most important intellectual figure from Paris was __________________. In his monumental work, Summa Theologica, he argued for a middle way between faith and reason, because both reason and faith are necessary for salvation.

Question 15During the 1200’s, a new style of church building called ____________________ became popular. Because of technical innovations, this new type of building could be larger and taller than any other, with high roofs, thin walls, and lots of stained-glass windows to let in light.

Question 16Among the innovations that made the new style possible was the _______________________, a stone structure that supported thinner walls by taking the weight from them and moving it away from the building.

Question 17From 1378-1417, the Catholic Church was in the ______________________, a period of crisis during which there were two Popes, and for a short time, three Popes, each one claiming to be the one true Pope.

Question 18The Church refused to allow the Bible to be translated into _____________________ languages, such as Italian, French, or English, mainly as a way to maintain control.

Question 19Another crisis of the 1300’s was the _______________________, a conflict between the rulers of England and France over the throne of France.

Question 20Also known as the Pestilence, the Great Plague or the Black Plague, the ____________________ Plague, appearing in Venice in 1347, killed over half of the population of Europe in three years, and was one of the reasons for the decline of feudalism.

Question 21The Italian poet named ______________________ published the Divine Comedy in 1320, a monumental, three-part allegory in which a man journeys through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. It was the first major work of literature written in a European common language, rather than in Latin.

Question 22The Canterbury Tales, by _____________________, is the first major work of literature in English. It is also significant for its humor, social commentary, and naturalism, with realistic characters from all social classes.

Question 23During the 1400’s, the Italian intellectuals and artists turned to ___________________, a belief that human beings are worthy of study. They were particularly interested in the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, particularly in their original languages, and in classical art.

Question 24The paintings of ________________, including “The Lamentation of Christ”, demonstrated a renewed interest in more realistic depictions of space and perspective, and more attention to human emotion.

Question 25After studying the writings of ancient Roman historians and rulers, ________________________, argued that an effective ruler should be guided by practical necessity, not morality.