SU NSG5003 Discussions Latest 2022 April (Full)

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 1 Discussion

Initial Post: Identify all the components of a cell. Describe the function of each of these components.

Response #1: Add to your own initial post: Describe cellular metabolism membrane transport and cellular reproduction

Response #2: Add to your own initial post and response #1: Describe the aging process. Identify the pathophysiologic process for 3 underlying principles of aging. Example: oxidative process.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 2 Discussion

Case Study

Anna Sanchez, a 21-year-old nursing student, comes to her nurse practitioner in December with a 5-week history of itchy eyes and nasal congestion with watery nasal discharge. She also complains of a “tickling” cough, especially at night, and she has had episodes of repetitive sneezing. She gets frequent “colds” every spring and fall.

Physical Examination

Vital Signs: Afebrile; respiratory rate, pulse, and blood pressure all normal

Skin: Flaking erythematous rash on the flexor surfaces of both arms

Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat: Tender over maxillary sinuses; sclera red and slightly swollen with frequent tearing; outer nares with red irritated skin; internal nares with red, boggy, moist mucosa and one medium-sized polyp on each side; pharynx slightly erythematous with clear postnasal drainage (NOTE: Nasal polyps are common in allergic rhinitis. They are edematous protrusions of the mucosa that are infiltrated with neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells.)

Lungs: Clear to auscultation and percussion

Initial Post: Answer the following questions about Anna Sanchez and her condition.

What evidence suggests that Anna does not have an acute severe infection?

If Anna has allergic rhinitis, what type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved?

A skin test indicates that Anna is allergic to cat dander. Two months ago, Anna’s roommate brought home a cat. Why didn’t Anna’s symptoms start when the cat entered the household, rather than 3 weeks later?

What class of antibodies bind to the mast cells?

What physiological mechanisms caused the redness of Anna’s nasal mucosa?

What mechanisms caused Anna’s clear postnasal drainage?

Response # 1: Carefully read the initial posts made by the other students in your small group.

Respond to the initial post of one of your peers in your discussion group. Identify 1 differential diagnosis for the case study presented. Identify the underlying pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the Differential Diagnosis you identified in your response to your peers. Please Note: you may not duplicate a differential diagnosis posted by another peer in the discussion thread.

Response #2: Go back into your own initial post.

Identify what diagnostic testing or additional information you might need to establish a diagnosis.

Identify what you believe is the correct diagnosis for the patient in the case study with the rationale for your response.

Identify why the differential diagnoses left by your peers are or are not the correct diagnosis and support this with evidence from research and from the case posted by your peers.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 3 Discussion

Describe the Punnett Square and what it used to predict. What are the limitations of the Punnett Square?

Mom is a carrier for hemophilia but does not have the disease.

Dad does not have hemophilia

Using the Punnett Square, answer the following questions:

What is the probability a female offspring developing hemophilia?

What is the probability of a female offspring being a carrier for hemophilia?

What is the probability of a male offspring developing hemophilia?

What is the probability of a male offspring being a carrier developing hemophilia?

What is the probability of any offspring developing hemophilia?

Explain why only some offspring would develop the disease?

Response #1: If this were about Cystic Fibrosis, how would the responses be different to the questions in the Initial Post? Give a detailed explanation supporting your response.

Response # 2 Down Syndrome is another genetic disorder. Why is the Punnett Square not a good tool for predicting if offspring will have Down Syndrome? Why does the risk for Down’s Syndrome increase with maternal age?

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 4 Discussion

Initial Post: Describe the physiology of blood pressure control. Causes of Primary Hypertension may include overactivity of the SNS; overactivity of the RAAS; alterations in other neurohumoral mediators of blood volume and vasomotor tone such as ANP, BNP, and adrenomedullin; inflammation; a complex interaction involving insulin resistance and endothelial function; and obesity-related hormonal changes

Select 3 of the above potential causes and explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms of primary hypertension.

Response #1 Post a response to one peer in your discussion group. In the post identify the organ damage that can occur as a result of Hypertension. Describe the pathophysiologic process of the organ damage.

Response #2 Orthostatic hypotension can occur as an adverse effect of medications used to manage hypertension. Go back to your initial post and describe the pathophysiologic process that causes orthostatic hypotension.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 5 Discussion

Respiratory

Initial Post: Both bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis present with a cough and dyspnea. Describe the pathophysiologic process of both bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis. Compare and contrast the two processes.

Response #1 Post a response to one peer in your discussion group to further the discussion.

Response #2 Post a response to one peer in your discussion group that provides a clinical example of bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 6 Discussion

You are seeing a patient with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea on exertion, and palpitations.

The patient is 50 years old. Laboratory report indicates a low hematocrit 32, hemoglobin 9.7 and reticulocyte count low at .47% MCV of 78 and MCHC of 32.1.

Initial Post: Describe the pathophysiologic process of Anemia.

Identify two differential diagnoses and provide the pathophysiology of these two differential diagnoses.

Post/Response #1 Respond to one of your peers in your discussion group. Identify the additional workup that is needed to rule in or rule out these differential diagnoses. What clinical signs/symptoms would you expect to see with these two differential diagnoses?

Post/Response #2 In your own thread post the diagnosis you believe to be correct for this patient.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 7 Discussion

Gastrointestinal Case Study

Henry, a 58 y/o male, recently reports waking up in the middle of the night with burning abdominal pain. Symptoms occur several nights a week with occasional discomfort in the middle of the afternoon. A bland diet or drinking milk do seem to help and spicy foods aggregate the symptoms.

PMH: non-contributory

SH: Works in a grocery store, divorced, non-smoker, drinks 1-2 beers/day

Allergies: none

Meds: 1 325mg ASA daily for cardiovascular prevention

ROS:

Constitutional: Decrease appetite and 5% weight loss; denies fever

ENT: Denies sore throat or drainage

Lungs: Occasional dry cough at night

Heart: Mid sternum chest burning intermittently

Abdomen: Epigastric burning and tenderness, denies constipation or diarrhea

Initial Post: Summarize the pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease as compared to GERD and explain which one his symptoms most closely represent. Support with evidence.

Response#1 Explain the body’s natural protection against peptic ulcers from a pathophysiology standpoint.

Response#2 What diagnostic testing may be used to further evaluate the symptoms and what might this test tell the healthcare provider?

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 8 Discussion

Initial Post: Explain what happens physiologically with chronic renal failure and the GFR. Support with evidence. Include important labs that are monitored in the process.

Response #1: Explain the role of Angiotensin II and proteinuria as they relate to advancing renal disease.

Response #2: List at least three other body systems that are impacted by chronic kidney disease and why.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 9 Discussion

Initial Post: Describe the pathophysiology of depression.

Response #1: Expand on your own post. Discuss the phenomenon of depression effects on appetite. Describe from a pathophysiologic basis why some people with depression experience a lack of appetite resulting in weight loss while others will experience increased food intake and have weight gain.

Response #2: Expand on your own post. Discuss two additional clinical findings of depression and present the pathophysiologic basis of these symptoms.

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 10 Discussion

Initial Post: Explain the action of thyroid hormone. Your answer should contain the impact of the thyroid hormone on functions in the body.

Response 1: Discuss the negative feedback loop of thyroid function.

Response 2: Select either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and define the clinic presentation providing the pathophysiologic process underlying the clinical presentation.