Regis NU606 Week 11 Discussion Latest 2021 June

NU606 Advanced Pathophysiology

Week 11 Discussion

Team A Renal Disorders

Explain why hematuria and proteinuria reflect a glomerular problem rather than a tubular problem in the kidney.

Explain the change in filtration if excess glucose is present in the blood entering the kidney.

Explain factors that may contribute to elevated blood pressure in a patient with renal disease.

Compare acute and chronic renal failure with respect to cause, reversibility, and urinary output at onset.

Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the later stages of renal failure?

Why is protein intake restricted in patients with kidney disease?

Compare the causes and pathophysiology of acute pyelonephritis, APSGN, and nephrotic syndrome.

Team B Urinary Disorders

Explain how decreased fluid intake or dehydration predisposes to calculi in the urinary tract.

Explain what the presence of the following in the urine indicates: blood (microscopic and gross), protein, pus, casts, and glucose.

Compare the signs/symptoms of cystitis and pyelonephritis. Which of these indicate that kidney involvement (local or systemic) is occurring?

Where is the urinary bladder located relative to the uterus and rectum in a woman? Briefly explain two possible implications of this location.

Why does male anatomy make it likely that a reproductive system infection may extend into the urinary system?

Explain the difference in causes of frequent voiding associated with cystitis versus those associated with renal insufficiency.

How might urinary tract infections lead to calculus formation?

Team C Reproductive Disorders/STIs

Compare the typical signs of acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and acute nonbacterial prostatitis.

Compare BPH and prostatic cancer in terms of the characteristic location of the tumor and the early signs. What are the risk factors for each condition?

Describe each of the following: (1) second-degree uterine prolapse, (2) cystocele, and (3) retroversion of the uterus. Explain the secondary problems that may occur with second- or third-degree prolapse.

How can infection in the vagina can cause PID? What signs and symptoms would you expect? Why is this considered a serious condition?

Describe the causative organisms for (1) chlamydial infection, (2) gonorrhea, (3) syphilis, (4) trichomoniasis, and (5) genital herpes.

Compare the early manifestations of chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, and genital herpes. Why are these STIs difficult to control (that is, why is it hard to reduce the incidence)?

Describe three factors predisposing patients to vaginal candidiasis and identify the causative organism.