Psychology Part 1,2 - Hofstede's cultural dimensions

Argosy University Psychology Question

Part one

Hofstede's cultural dimensions are used to characterize the differences between cultures. Hofstede's (1980) study explored work-related values. He collected data from business employees in numerous countries and used factor analysis to see the outstanding variables that emerged. He originally identified four dimensions, one of which was power distance. This concept has been applied for practical purposes. For example, Malcom Gladwell's Outliers: The Story of Success discusses how the power distance index relates to safety in the airline business.

In your response, address the following:

• research the term “power distance.” Research power distance in different cultures. Are there any surprising results? Compare countries that are often lumped together under one title. For example, people from Japan, China, and India are all called Asian. When such countries are compared, what differences emerge?

• Given that Hofstede's cultural dimensions inventory was designed for a work environment and that the data were collected from the employees who fall into specific demographic categories, can the findings be generalized to other settings? What about generalizing the findings for the groups that were not in the study? Do you think that it is appropriate to apply the data to the airline business?

• Do you think that the study is valid for all countries? When was the study initially conducted? Do you think that the findings would be the same if the people in the countries were assessed again?

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part 2

According to Bem (1981), gender roles furnish the material for gender stereotypes. This is because when people associate a pattern of behavior with men or women, they tend to overlook individual variations and draw conclusions about the behavior associated with a particular gender.

In the United States, sexism toward women has always been an issue in advertising, especially in the 1950s. Women have traditionally been expected to fulfill gender-specific roles, such as rearing children, cleaning, and cooking. Today's society has evolved to a place where such discrimination is discouraged and looked down upon. Men too have experienced gender bias, especially those who embraced roles typically associated with women (for example, nursing and stay-at-home dads).

In your exploration of these concepts, your response answer the following:

• How do images represent genders inaccurately or unfairly? Be sure to define gender, gender roles, and gender stereotypes.
• How does the media impact people's views about gender stereotypes—the concept of being male or female?
• A gender stereotype consists of beliefs about the activities appropriate to men or women. Who determines what is appropriate?
• How does the media influence this perception of appropriateness and gender roles?

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