NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 1 Knowledge Check
Question 1 An
organelle that is responsible for metabolism of cellular energy is referred to
which of the following cell structures?
Question 1
options:
A) Golgi complex
B) Mitochondrion
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Nucleolus
Question 2 Which
of the following options is a chemical agent that causes cell injury?
Question 2
options:
A) Radiation
B) Hypoxia
C) Bacteria
D) Poison
Question 3
Breast changes of a girl in puberty or of a pregnant woman describe which type
of cellular adaptation?
Question 3
options:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Dysplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Question 4 An
active process of programed cellular self-destruction (cell death) describes
which of the following cell functions
Question 4
options:
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Adaptation
Fragmentation
Question 5 When
extracellular fluid is hypotonic what is the resulting impact on the cell?
Question 5
options:
A) Cell swelling
B) No change in cell size
C) Cell shrinkage
D) Cell death
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 2 Knowledge Check
Question 1 The
immune response is characterized by the activation of which two types of
immunocytes?
Question 1
options:
A) T cells
and cytokin
B) B cells
and T cells
C) IgG and
IgE
D)
Neutrophils and macrophages
Question 2 The
chief functions of antibodies are to protect the host by which of following
mechanisms?
Question 2
options:
A) Blocking
phagocytosis
B)
Neutralizing bacterial toxins
C)
Inactivating the inflammatory process
D)
Absorbing antigens
Question
3
What is the
term used to describe phagocyte function that causes them to stick to capillary
and venule walls
Question 3
options:
A)
Diapedesis
B)
Phagocytosis
C)
Exudation
D)
Margination
Allergens
are antigens that cause allergic responses, true or false?
Question 4
options:
True
False
Here are
four types of hypersensitivity disorders. Which of the following is the most
common and characterized by an immediate reaction?
Question 5
options:
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type II
D)
Type IV
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 3 Knowledge Check
Question 1 Which
of the following is a true statement about genes?
Question 1
options:
A) Genes are structures within
chromosomes of each cell that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
B) Genes are messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
C) Genes are cells that determine gender
during fertilization
D) Genes are antibodies that promote
disease
Question 2 Which
of the following is the major cause of death from cancer?
Question 2
options:
A) Infection
B) Hemorrhage
C) Pain
D) Metastasis
Question 3 Which
of the following statements is true with respect to the stages of cancer?
Question 3
options:
A) Stage 1 represents a poor prognosis
B) Localized cancer is a stage 4
C) Benign tumors are stage 2
D) Cancer that has spread regionally is a
stage 3
Question 4
Mutations in _______ can result in uncontrolled and increased cellular
replication.
A) DNA
B) RNA
C) Oncogene
D) Chromosome
Question 5
Leukopenia is the result of chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer.
This condition causes which of the following complications?
Question 5
options:
A) Anemia
B) Cachexia
C) Blood clots
D) Infection
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 4 Knowledge Check
Question 1 Hypertension
is the elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure as a result of increase in
total peripheral resistance and ___________?
Question 1
options:
Decrease
venous return
Increased
cardiac output
Decreased
oxygen perfusion
Increased
heart rate
Question 2High
cholesterol accelerates atherosclerotic and atheromatic process which results
in an increased risk of which event?
Question 2
options:
Ischemic
stroke
Liver
failure
Myocardial
infarction
Deep vein
thrombosis
Question 3
What mechanism is responsible for weight gain and edema in patients with heart
failure?
Question 3
options:
Increased
aldosterone levels
Decreased
angiotensin level
Decreased
vascular resistance
Decreased
renin levels
Question 4 What
does the EKG show in prinzmetal angina?
Question 4
options:
ST segment
depression
Absent P
waves
Prolonged
PR interval
ST segment
elevation
Question 5 A
diastolic murmur, accentuated first heart sound and opening snap are
characteristic of which valvular dysfunction?
Question 5
options:
Aortic
stenosis
Mitral
stenosis
Tricuspid
regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 5 Knowledge Check
Question 1 Which
statement best describes the major characteristic of bronchiolitis?
Question 1
options:
Destruction
of lung parenchyma and collapse of distal airways
Obstruction
by eosinophilic mucous plugs in the upper airway
Widespread inflammation
of the bronchioles
Extensive
constriction of the bronchioles
Question 2 Which
of the following physiologic abnormalities is characteristic of emphysema?
Question 2
options:
Extensive
inflammation of the lower airways
Trapping of
air in distal air sacs
Widespread
occurrence of bronchial plugs
collapse of
proximal airways
Question 3 Which
of the following describes an asthma that is common in children and
adolescents, with bronchospasm occurring within 3 minutes of activity?
Question 3
options:
Occupational-induced
Drug-induced
Exercise-induced
Cardiac-induced
Question 4 Which
of the following values is consistent with acute respiratory failure?
Question 4
options:
PaO2 of 100
mmHg
PaCO2 of 40
mmHg
pH less
than 7.3
pH greater
than 7.6
Question 5 What
is the most life-threatening type of croup usually caused by Haemophilus
influenzae?
Question 5
options:
Respiratory
distress syndrome
Epiglottitis
Cystic
fibrosis
Bronchiolitis
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 6 Knowledge Check
Question 1
Both iron
and folate are vital to meet both the woman’s needs and those of the developing
baby. They play an active role in the development of:
Question 1
options:
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
Within the
first year of life, it is normal for a childs:
Question 2
options:
A) Reticulocyte count to rise
B) Platelet count to fall
C) Lymphocyte count to rise
D) Eosinophil count to fall
Question 3
A
63-year-old woman with diabetes notes that she has a general feeling of
tiredness and a loss of appetite. The physician collects a CBC in addition to
normal diabetic laboratory tests. The results indicate an anemia, and she is
referred to a hematologist. The hematologist reviews her laboratory findings
and begins to explain her diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia. Further testing
indicates that the woman suffers from a vitamin B12 deficiency or PA. This
condition is often associated with:
Question 3 options:
A) Chronic gastritis
B) Thalassemia
C) Iron Deficiency
D) Inadequate dietary intake
Question 4
The
treatment for iron overload is
Question 4
options:
A) Vitamin C supplements
B) Phlebotomy
C) Aspirin
D) Plasmapheresis
DIC is
secondary to a wide variety of well-defined clinical conditions, specifically
those that activate the clotting cascade. The clotting may result in the
consumption of platelets, and clotting factors may lead to severe bleeding that
is caused by:
Question 5
options:
A) Endothelial damage
B) Lack of thrombin production
C) Increased synthesis of thrombomodulin
D) Platelet activation
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 7 Knowledge Check
Question 1
In the
digestive system, the stomach is stimulated by eating to produce large volumes
of gastric secretions. The secretion that is responsible for converting
pepsinogen to pepsin and acts as a bactericide against swallowed organisms is:
Question 1
options:
A) Gastroferrin
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Chymotrypsin
Question 2
The enteric
nervous system regulates intestinal motility. Of the two movements that promote
motility, the one that occurs more frequently is:
Question 2
options:
A) Segmentation
B) Peristalsis
C) Vagal stimulation
D) Neural reflex
Question 3
A
31-year-old woman visits a gastroenterologist’s office with complaints of
diarrhea. The stool is bloody with mucous. Although the sample will be sent to
a laboratory for analysis, the gastroenterologist suggests an endoscopy and
histologic studies of biopsied tissue. She discusses the possible diagnoses,
among them Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. The type of diarrhea caused by
an inflammatory disorder of the intestine is:
Question 3
options:
A) Secretory
B) Small-volume
C) Motility
D) Large-volume
Question 4
Patients
who suffer from ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease have abdominal pain, which
is the result of distention and inflammation. This type of pain is known as:
Question 4
options:
A) Visceral
B) Referred
C) Referred
D) Somatic
Question 4
Patients
who suffer from ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease have abdominal pain, which
is the result of distention and inflammation. This type of pain is known as:
Question 4
options:
A) Visceral
B) Referred
C) Referred
D) Somatic
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 8 Knowledge Check
Question 1
The kidney
is able to keep the rate of glomerular perfusion and GFR fairly constant over a
range of arterial pressures. One mechanism responsible for the autoregulatory
response in the kidney is:
Question 1
options:
Myogenic
mechanism
Active
transport
Carrier
mechanism
Passive
transport
Question 2
Acute
cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder and is the most common site of UTIs.
A UTI is an inflammation of the urinary epithelium most usually caused by:
Question 2
options:
Fungus from
the perineal area
Bacteria
from gut flora
Herpes
simplex 2
A worm or
parasite
Question 3
Different
patterns of urinary sediment may be associated with varying types of
glomerulonephritis. The loss of the negative electrical charge across the
glomerular filtration
membrane
and an increase in filtration pore size enhances the movement of proteins into
the urine. The type of sediment characterized by the presence of blood and
varying degrees of protein in the urine is:
Question 3
options:
Nephritic
Urodynamic
Polymorphic
Crescentic
Question 4
An 11-year
old girl is seen in her pediatrician’s office. Her mother has scheduled an
appointment because she is concerned that her daughter is developing faster
than her friends. The pediatrician explains that a variety of factors influence
the timing of puberty. The young client states that she has worn a bra for
almost 2 years. Breast development is caused by the secretion of:
Question 4
options:
Estradiol
Androgens
Progesterone
Gonadotropin
Question 5
In female
adolescents, egg production occurs:
Question 5
options:
During
puberty
During
leptin secretion
During
embryonic development
During the
menstrual cycle
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 9 Knowledge Check
Question 1 A
52-year-old man is admitted into the hospital, awaiting a cervical spinal
fusion after suffering from an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. His chief
complaint is neck pain and numbness and tingling in his fingers. Concern exists
that he has suffered from some injury to his spinal cord.
During the
surgical procedure, the physicians order an examination to detect electrical brain
activity resulting from a stimulus to detect sensory pathway integrity. This
test is known as:
Question 1
options:
PET scan
Myelogram
EPs
fMRI
Question 2 Several
months ago, young woman fell while rock climbing; her left leg was wedged
tightly into a crevice. The resulting injury was severe and required amputation
below the knee. She reported to her physician that she continues to suffer from
phantom limb pain. The theory that best explains this type of pain is:
Question 2
options:
Gate
control theory (GCT)
Pattern
theory
Specificity
theory
Neuromatrix
theory
Question 3 A
psychiatrist is seeing a young man in his late teens after his mother notes
changes in her son’s behavior. For the past 6 months, the young man has become
enthralled with a specific television show, believing that the host is
specifically directing information to him. As the son walks in, the physician
notes that the young man’s personal hygiene has been neglected. The
psychiatrist talks to the son and notes that he repeatedly uses the same
phrases throughout the conversation. An initial diagnosis of schizophrenia is made.
The most
common symptoms in schizophrenia are:
Question 3
options:
Negative
Positive
Cognitive
Sensorimotor
Question 4 The
young man’s mother discusses the issues that concern her as she cares for her
son. She expresses feelings of stress and hopelessness and suffers from
insomnia. These are characteristic of:
Question 4
options:
Depression
General
anxiety disorder (GAD)
Bipolar
disorder
Panic
attacks
Question 5 An
ultrasound shows a child of approximately 29 weeks’ gestation with an apparent
posterior neural tube defect. An absence of amniotic fluid is evident,
suggesting a prior rupture of membranes. The child is diagnosed with a thoracic
myelomeningocele and is surgically repaired within 24 hours of delivery.
In addition
to this defect, the infant is at an increased risk of:
Question 5
options:
Chiari II
malformation
Craniosynostosis
Cortical
dysplasia
Cerebral
arteriovenous malformations
NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 10 Knowledge Check
Question 1As
the young mother is walking to her car, she becomes aware that someone is
following her. Her body responds with a “fight or flight” response, which is
regulated by the adrenal medulla’s secretion of:
Question 1
options:
Cortisol
Catecholamines
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
Question 2 Joints
are classified based on the degree of movement they permit or on the connecting
tissues that hold them together. A joint in which the two bony surfaces are
united by a ligament or membrane is called
Question 2
options:
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
Articulation
Symphysis
Question 3 A 24-year-old mother visits her obstetrician’s
office 1 week after delivering her baby. She is having trouble with
breast-feeding and milk expression. The obstetrician prescribes a nasal spray
that will stimulate the posterior pituitary to release which one of the
following hormones?
Question 3
options:
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Calcitonin
Incretin
Question 4 A
15 year of boy suffered a complete separation of a ligament from its bony
attachment. This injury is known as
Question 4
options:
Lateral
epicondylopathy
Crepitus
Avulsion
Malunion
Question 5 Bone
formation requires collagen synthesis, fiber formation, and mineralization. The
majority of the mineral content in the body is an analog of which naturally
occurring mineral?
Question 5
options:
Periosteum
Procallus
Calcium
phosphate
Hydroxyapatite
