Ethnopsychology & Individual Midterm Exam
QUESTION 1
The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following EXCEPT:
different types of music, art, and dance
Food, clothing, history, and traditions
Genetic determinants of behavior.
regular or expected behaviors of a particular group
QUESTION 2
Which of the following is NOT one of the six ways culture is used in everyday language?
Genetic
Prescriptive
Historical
Structural
QUESTION 3
Which of the following best defines descriptive culture?
The specific behaviors and activities associated with a culture.
The specific attitudes and beliefs associated with a culture
The rules that govern the behavior of a particular group.
A group’s heritage and traditions.
QUESTION 4
Traditional gender roles and machismo are examples of _________ culture.
structural
descriptive
historical
normative
QUESTION 5
Psychologists who study culture say that culture refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
the guiding beliefs or principles of a particular group of people.
the values of a particular group of people.
the behaviors or typical activities of a particular group of people.
an individual’s personal thoughts and beliefs regarding likes and dislikes.
QUESTION 6
Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on:
the degree to which one assimilates to a new surrounding.
the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.
the socially constructed meaning of phenotypic differences.
biological differences.
QUESTION 7
-------------------refers to critical incidents where people from different cultural, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds come into social contact with each other.
culture contact
ethnocentrism
introspection
ethnical psychology
QUESTION 8
Multicultural psychology is primarily concerned with behavior, cognition, and affect as they occur:
in inferior races of people.
in settings where people of many different backgrounds co-exist.
at the biological level.
in settings where everyone is the same.
QUESTION 9
The textbook defines culture as the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols
that are only practiced by the elders in the population.
and passed down from generation to generation
that die out from generation to generation.
that represent the phenotypic features shared by the population.
QUESTION 10
One of the major premises of multicultural psychology is that:
all behavior can be explained by genetic influences.
culture is too complex to be understood or studied effectively.
all behavior is learned and occurs in a cultural context.
all cultures are the same.
QUESTION 11
Which of the following is considered the “fourth force” in psychology?
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
humanistic psychology
multicultural psychology
QUESTION 12
Multiculturalism emphasizes all of the following except
cultural pluralism.
analytic thinking involving multiple perspectives.
the imposition of one's values and beliefs on others.
change at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.
QUESTION 13
Cultural identity is comprised of:
race
gender
all of the above
sexual orientation
QUESTION 14
__________ is a movement that believes that only “good genes” should be passed from generation to generation and that “undesirable” groups should be prevented from reproducing.
eugenics
structuralism
popular genetics
ethnical psychology
QUESTION 15
Early psychological research conducted by Europeans and European Americans on racial group differences often concluded that:
members of other racial groups are inferior to Whites
we are all members of one race, the human race.
Whites are higher in intelligence, but other groups are higher in personality.
Whites are inferior to other races.
QUESTION 16
_______________________ involves the ability of individuals to take perspective on their immediate cultural, social, and political environment and to engage in critical dialogue with it.
social justice
multiculturalism
intersectionality
critical consciousness
QUESTION 17
From a biological perspective, race is determined by
phenotype, or the shared noticeable physical characteristics of a group.
the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.
the shared language and history of a group.
the degree to which one assimilates into the dominant group.
QUESTION 18
Most differences between racial groups can be accounted for by
the percentage of genes that are different between groups.
none of the above—There are absolutely no differences in either genotype or phenotype between the groups.
patterns of migration and adaptation between the different groups.
the fact that different racial groups represent different species within the human race.
QUESTION 19
In his coming-out process, TaShaun struggled with the different parts of his identity. male, he has many privileges because he's in the dominant group. However, as a gay man, he faces homophobia, and as an African American, he faces racism. TaShaun's struggles around identity illustrate the concept of
intersectionality.
social institutions.
multicultural counseling and therapy
tolerance
QUESTION 20
The research findings of the Clark & Clark (1939) doll study played a crucial role in which of the following Supreme Court decisions?
Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson
Loving v. Virginia
Roe v. Wade
QUESTION 21
Suppose that you are in a conversation with someone and that person tells you a lie. According to Grice’s Cooperative Principle, that person is violating the maxim of:
quality
quantity
relevance
manner
QUESTION 22
The ________ approach attempts to find commonalities across cultures.
individualistic
etic
collectivistic
emic
QUESTION 23
The ________ approach examines only one culture from within that culture.
collectivistic
emic
etic
individualistic
QUESTION 24
The Mischel studies on delay of gratification were presented as an example of:
a correct interpretation across cultures.
imposed etics
imposed emics
a correct interpretation within a culture.
QUESTION 25
According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to his/her own needs is:
collectivistic
individualistic
allocentric
idiocentric
QUESTION 26
Which of the following represents a countercultural individual, according to Triandis?
an allocentric individual in a collectivistic society.
an idiocentric individual in any type of society.
an idiocentric individual in an individualistic society.
an allocentric individual in an individualistic society.
QUESTION 27
Hofstede (1980) identified the masculine–feminine dimension, which Triandis renamed the ________ dimension.
left-right
angular–circular
vertical–horizontal
up–down
QUESTION 28
In collectivistic cultures:
guilt is a more important negative emotion than is shame.
shame is a more important negative emotion than is guilt.
guilt and shame are equally important negative emotions.
neither guilt nor shame are very important negative emotions
QUESTION 29
________ is when an individual extols the virtues of another person in public
guilt saving
Loss of face
shame saving
Giving face
QUESTION 30
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the “time orientation” dimension, Ho found that middle-class White Americans tend to resonate to the:
future
past-present
present
past
QUESTION 31
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the “preferred mode of activity” dimension, Ho found that middle-class White Americans tend to believe in
being
being-in-becoming.
becoming
doing
QUESTION 32
Derald Wing Sue's worldview model examines the dimensions of
locus of control and locus of reason.
locus of responsibility and locus of concern.
locus of reason and locus of responsibility.
locus of responsibility and locus of control.
QUESTION 33
According to the Sue worldview model, the “American Dream” is based on
IC–IR.
EC–IR.
EC–ER.
IC–ER.
QUESTION 34
According to the Sue worldview model, learned helplessness is associated with the ________ quadrant.
EC-ER
IC-IR
EC-IR
EC-IR
QUESTION 35
According to the Sue worldview model, ethnic pride is associated with the ________ quadrant.
EC-IR
EC-ER
IC-IR
IC-ER
QUESTION 36
Your friend asks you the answer to a mathematics question and you begin talking about the picnic you had over the weekend. You are violating Grice’s Cooperative Principle maxim of:
manner
relevance
quality
quantity
QUESTION 37
The distance you stand from someone while speaking to them is a form of nonverbal communication called:
kinesics.
high-context communication.
proxemics.
paralanguage.
QUESTION 38
Stella's narrative about her discomfort about people in Korea violating her personal space is an example of ________ being different in Korea and the United States.
Proxemics
paralanguage
high-context communication
kinesics
QUESTION 39
Hand gestures while talking is an example of the nonverbal communication called:
kinesics
proxemics
paralanguage
high-context communication
QUESTION 40
Silences in conversations are examples of the nonverbal communication called:
high-context communication.
proxemics
kinesics
paralanguage
QUESTION 41
According to Ribeau et al. (1999), if a White man only talks with his African American co-worker about sports and music, he is engaging in:
negative stereotyping.
authenticity.
power dynamics.
personal expressiveness
QUESTION 42
When someone learns a second language that does not replace his/her original language, this is called:
language attrition.
subtractive bilingualism.
native bilingualism.
additive bilingualism.
QUESTION 43
___________ usually considered their move before they made the decision, and the move may be based on their desire to “do better” for their families.
residents
expatriots
refugees
immigrants
QUESTION 44
“I did not want to leave my family and I could not even say goodbye to them. I was forced to leave and all I got were only my ragged clothes.” This person is most likely to be a/an ______________.
refugee
resident
homeless
immigrant
QUESTION 45
The “refugee career” discussed by Berry (1988, 1991) is in this order:
predeparture à flight à first asylum à claimant à settlement à adaptation
first asylum à flight à predeparture à adaptation à settlement à claimant
predeparture à first asylum à claimant à flight à settlement à adaptation
settlement à first asylum à flight à predeparture à adaptation à claimant
QUESTION 46
The feelings of anxiety and tension caused by the inability to adapt in a new country are known as:
acculturative stress
Immigrant Anxiety
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Acculturation
QUESTION 47
The individuals who are able hold on to their own values, beliefs, and culture, while learning and adapting to their host culture are called _______________,
assimilationists
separationists
integrationists
marginalists
QUESTION 48
Although Joe grew up in a predominantly Asian neighborhood, he did not feel as though he fit into Asian culture, nor did he like White people very much. Joe ended up joining an Asian gang, committing violent crimes, and dropping out of school. Joe is an example of a(n)
assimilationist
separationis
marginalist
integrationist
QUESTION 49
In the study conducted by Clark and Clark (1939), African American children viewed the _________ dolls as the most appealing.
Mexican
White
Black
Asian
QUESTION 50
Nigrescence is the process of
wishing you were not Black.
becoming cultured in the Black community
feeling ashamed of being Black
becoming Black.
QUESTION 51
Which of the following is the first stage of “nigrescence”?
encounter
Immersion/emersion
Internalization
Pre-encounter
QUESTION 52
Which stage in the process of “nigrescence” is the stage where individuals experience some significant or startling event that forces them to reevaluate their previous ideas about race?
Pre-encounter
Encounter
Immersion/emersion
Internalization
QUESTION 53
In Helms' first status of White racial identity development, contact:
White people are unaware and uninformed about racism.
White people are socialized with other races.
White people identify most with African Americans.
people are aware of racism
QUESTION 54
Which stage of Chicano/Latino identity development marks the beginning of a healthier and integrated ethnic identity, where the person increases his/her ethnic consciousness and reintegrates and reconnects with his/her ethnic identity and ethnic community?
Successful resolution
Consequence
Working through
Cognitive
QUESTION 55
According to Cass, the first stage that young people go through when questioning their sexual identity is ______________.
identity rejection
identity discovery
identity comparison
identity confusion
QUESTION 1
The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following EXCEPT:
different types of music, art, and dance
Food, clothing, history, and traditions
Genetic determinants of behavior.
regular or expected behaviors of a particular group
QUESTION 2
Which of the following is NOT one of the six ways culture is used in everyday language?
Genetic
Prescriptive
Historical
Structural
QUESTION 3
Which of the following best defines descriptive culture?
The specific behaviors and activities associated with a culture.
The specific attitudes and beliefs associated with a culture
The rules that govern the behavior of a particular group.
A group’s heritage and traditions.
QUESTION 4
Traditional gender roles and machismo are examples of _________ culture.
structural
descriptive
historical
normative
QUESTION 5
Psychologists who study culture say that culture refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
the guiding beliefs or principles of a particular group of people.
the values of a particular group of people.
the behaviors or typical activities of a particular group of people.
an individual’s personal thoughts and beliefs regarding likes and dislikes.
QUESTION 6
Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on:
the degree to which one assimilates to a new surrounding.
the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.
the socially constructed meaning of phenotypic differences.
biological differences.
QUESTION 7
-------------------refers to critical incidents where people from different cultural, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds come into social contact with each other.
culture contact
ethnocentrism
introspection
ethnical psychology
QUESTION 8
Multicultural psychology is primarily concerned with behavior, cognition, and affect as they occur:
in inferior races of people.
in settings where people of many different backgrounds co-exist.
at the biological level.
in settings where everyone is the same.
QUESTION 9
The textbook defines culture as the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols
that are only practiced by the elders in the population.
and passed down from generation to generation
that die out from generation to generation.
that represent the phenotypic features shared by the population.
QUESTION 10
One of the major premises of multicultural psychology is that:
all behavior can be explained by genetic influences.
culture is too complex to be understood or studied effectively.
all behavior is learned and occurs in a cultural context.
all cultures are the same.
QUESTION 11
Which of the following is considered the “fourth force” in psychology?
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
humanistic psychology
multicultural psychology
QUESTION 12
Multiculturalism emphasizes all of the following except
cultural pluralism.
analytic thinking involving multiple perspectives.
the imposition of one's values and beliefs on others.
change at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.
QUESTION 13
Cultural identity is comprised of:
race
gender
all of the above
sexual orientation
QUESTION 14
__________ is a movement that believes that only “good genes” should be passed from generation to generation and that “undesirable” groups should be prevented from reproducing.
eugenics
structuralism
popular genetics
ethnical psychology
QUESTION 15
Early psychological research conducted by Europeans and European Americans on racial group differences often concluded that:
members of other racial groups are inferior to Whites
we are all members of one race, the human race.
Whites are higher in intelligence, but other groups are higher in personality.
Whites are inferior to other races.
QUESTION 16
_______________________ involves the ability of individuals to take perspective on their immediate cultural, social, and political environment and to engage in critical dialogue with it.
social justice
multiculturalism
intersectionality
critical consciousness
QUESTION 17
From a biological perspective, race is determined by
phenotype, or the shared noticeable physical characteristics of a group.
the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.
the shared language and history of a group.
the degree to which one assimilates into the dominant group.
QUESTION 18
Most differences between racial groups can be accounted for by
the percentage of genes that are different between groups.
none of the above—There are absolutely no differences in either genotype or phenotype between the groups.
patterns of migration and adaptation between the different groups.
the fact that different racial groups represent different species within the human race.
QUESTION 19
In his coming-out process, TaShaun struggled with the different parts of his identity. male, he has many privileges because he's in the dominant group. However, as a gay man, he faces homophobia, and as an African American, he faces racism. TaShaun's struggles around identity illustrate the concept of
intersectionality.
social institutions.
multicultural counseling and therapy
tolerance
QUESTION 20
The research findings of the Clark & Clark (1939) doll study played a crucial role in which of the following Supreme Court decisions?
Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson
Loving v. Virginia
Roe v. Wade
QUESTION 21
Suppose that you are in a conversation with someone and that person tells you a lie. According to Grice’s Cooperative Principle, that person is violating the maxim of:
quality
quantity
relevance
manner
QUESTION 22
The ________ approach attempts to find commonalities across cultures.
individualistic
etic
collectivistic
emic
QUESTION 23
The ________ approach examines only one culture from within that culture.
collectivistic
emic
etic
individualistic
QUESTION 24
The Mischel studies on delay of gratification were presented as an example of:
a correct interpretation across cultures.
imposed etics
imposed emics
a correct interpretation within a culture.
QUESTION 25
According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to his/her own needs is:
collectivistic
individualistic
allocentric
idiocentric
QUESTION 26
Which of the following represents a countercultural individual, according to Triandis?
an allocentric individual in a collectivistic society.
an idiocentric individual in any type of society.
an idiocentric individual in an individualistic society.
an allocentric individual in an individualistic society.
QUESTION 27
Hofstede (1980) identified the masculine–feminine dimension, which Triandis renamed the ________ dimension.
left-right
angular–circular
vertical–horizontal
up–down
QUESTION 28
In collectivistic cultures:
guilt is a more important negative emotion than is shame.
shame is a more important negative emotion than is guilt.
guilt and shame are equally important negative emotions.
neither guilt nor shame are very important negative emotions
QUESTION 29
________ is when an individual extols the virtues of another person in public
guilt saving
Loss of face
shame saving
Giving face
QUESTION 30
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the “time orientation” dimension, Ho found that middle-class White Americans tend to resonate to the:
future
past-present
present
past
QUESTION 31
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the “preferred mode of activity” dimension, Ho found that middle-class White Americans tend to believe in
being
being-in-becoming.
becoming
doing
QUESTION 32
Derald Wing Sue's worldview model examines the dimensions of
locus of control and locus of reason.
locus of responsibility and locus of concern.
locus of reason and locus of responsibility.
locus of responsibility and locus of control.
QUESTION 33
According to the Sue worldview model, the “American Dream” is based on
IC–IR.
EC–IR.
EC–ER.
IC–ER.
QUESTION 34
According to the Sue worldview model, learned helplessness is associated with the ________ quadrant.
EC-ER
IC-IR
EC-IR
EC-IR
QUESTION 35
According to the Sue worldview model, ethnic pride is associated with the ________ quadrant.
EC-IR
EC-ER
IC-IR
IC-ER
QUESTION 36
Your friend asks you the answer to a mathematics question and you begin talking about the picnic you had over the weekend. You are violating Grice’s Cooperative Principle maxim of:
manner
relevance
quality
quantity
QUESTION 37
The distance you stand from someone while speaking to them is a form of nonverbal communication called:
kinesics.
high-context communication.
proxemics.
paralanguage.
QUESTION 38
Stella's narrative about her discomfort about people in Korea violating her personal space is an example of ________ being different in Korea and the United States.
Proxemics
paralanguage
high-context communication
kinesics
QUESTION 39
Hand gestures while talking is an example of the nonverbal communication called:
kinesics
proxemics
paralanguage
high-context communication
QUESTION 40
Silences in conversations are examples of the nonverbal communication called:
high-context communication.
proxemics
kinesics
paralanguage
QUESTION 41
According to Ribeau et al. (1999), if a White man only talks with his African American co-worker about sports and music, he is engaging in:
negative stereotyping.
authenticity.
power dynamics.
personal expressiveness
QUESTION 42
When someone learns a second language that does not replace his/her original language, this is called:
language attrition.
subtractive bilingualism.
native bilingualism.
additive bilingualism.
QUESTION 43
___________ usually considered their move before they made the decision, and the move may be based on their desire to “do better” for their families.
residents
expatriots
refugees
immigrants
QUESTION 44
“I did not want to leave my family and I could not even say goodbye to them. I was forced to leave and all I got were only my ragged clothes.” This person is most likely to be a/an ______________.
refugee
resident
homeless
immigrant
QUESTION 45
The “refugee career” discussed by Berry (1988, 1991) is in this order:
predeparture à flight à first asylum à claimant à settlement à adaptation
first asylum à flight à predeparture à adaptation à settlement à claimant
predeparture à first asylum à claimant à flight à settlement à adaptation
settlement à first asylum à flight à predeparture à adaptation à claimant
QUESTION 46
The feelings of anxiety and tension caused by the inability to adapt in a new country are known as:
acculturative stress
Immigrant Anxiety
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Acculturation
QUESTION 47
The individuals who are able hold on to their own values, beliefs, and culture, while learning and adapting to their host culture are called _______________,
assimilationists
separationists
integrationists
marginalists
QUESTION 48
Although Joe grew up in a predominantly Asian neighborhood, he did not feel as though he fit into Asian culture, nor did he like White people very much. Joe ended up joining an Asian gang, committing violent crimes, and dropping out of school. Joe is an example of a(n)
assimilationist
separationis
marginalist
integrationist
QUESTION 49
In the study conducted by Clark and Clark (1939), African American children viewed the _________ dolls as the most appealing.
Mexican
White
Black
Asian
QUESTION 50
Nigrescence is the process of
wishing you were not Black.
becoming cultured in the Black community
feeling ashamed of being Black
becoming Black.
QUESTION 51
Which of the following is the first stage of “nigrescence”?
encounter
Immersion/emersion
Internalization
Pre-encounter
QUESTION 52
Which stage in the process of “nigrescence” is the stage where individuals experience some significant or startling event that forces them to reevaluate their previous ideas about race?
Pre-encounter
Encounter
Immersion/emersion
Internalization
QUESTION 53
In Helms' first status of White racial identity development, contact:
White people are unaware and uninformed about racism.
White people are socialized with other races.
White people identify most with African Americans.
people are aware of racism
QUESTION 54
Which stage of Chicano/Latino identity development marks the beginning of a healthier and integrated ethnic identity, where the person increases his/her ethnic consciousness and reintegrates and reconnects with his/her ethnic identity and ethnic community?
Successful resolution
Consequence
Working through
Cognitive
QUESTION 55
According to Cass, the first stage that young people go through when questioning their sexual identity is ______________.
identity rejection
identity discovery
identity comparison
identity confusion
