SOCS185 Culture and Society
Week 4 Quiz
Question 1Which countries are among the top 10 most globalized countries in the world?
Ireland and Hungary
Monaco and Guam
Democratic Republic of Korea and Liechtenstein
Somalia and San Marino
Question 2What would a sociologist be likely to say about the notion of common sense?
Common sense explanations are true because they uphold our culture’s values.
Common sense ideas such as “men are aggressive” tend to be verified by further scientific study.
We can trust common sense explanations because they have endured across history.
Common sense explanations often trade in untrue stereotypes posed as fact.
Question 3Which statement describes trends in the popularity of the top 10 ranked names among boys and girls over time?
Although there have been periods of exception, the top 10 names have decreased markedly in popularity for both boys and girls since 1880.
With almost no exceptions, the top 10 names have been gaining in popularity for boys and girls since 1880.
Although the top 10 names for boys have increased in popularity since 1880, they have decreased for girls.
The top 10 names have been increasing dramatically in popularity for girls since the 1970s.
Question 4Some sociologists argue that although W. E. B. Du Bois, Frederick Douglass, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman studied, wrote about, and theorized about society, historically they have been excluded from lists of the canonical figures who developed the discipline. Using what you know from reading about these figures and their work, what might explain why?
Their work is far too recent to be considered canonical or foundational sociology.
Both their identities and the subjects of their focus were marginalized in society and in academic study.
Although canonical sociologists conducted rigorous empirical studies, these writers simply wrote from opinion.
Only the wealthiest social scientists could afford to circulate their work and become respected figures.
Question 5How did Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence combine themes from two Enlightenment thinkers?
It combined Wollstonecraft’s strong demand for gender equality with Rousseau’s insistence on the abolition of human slavery.
It combined Locke’s idea that humans are essentially violent and greedy with Hobbes’s idea that government must provide restraint.
It combined Locke’s idea that society is composed of sovereign individuals with Rousseau’s idea that society enhanced freedom.
It combined Locke’s argument that the King’s power must be checked with Wollstonecraft’s insistence on women’s participation in governance.
Question 6The world has seen a dramatic explosion of movements emphasizing ethnic uniformity as the sole basis for unity in recent years. Based on what you know from Chapter 1, which of the following is likely to accompany such a movement?
A nation-state that emphasizes multiculturalism
Increasing communication between people in the movement’s territory and those outside of it
An increase in security and stability in the region
The violent restoration of a strict gender binary and gender roles
Question 7Which accurately describes recent trends in how we are interacting with media?
All of our interactions increasingly take place through media, from paying bills to shopping to interacting with professors.
People are increasingly ignoring media, preferring to experience the world directly.
Although media technologies have changed dramatically, they have not changed how we interact.
Many of our interactions now occur through media, but social interaction still mostly takes place face-to-face.
Question 8What is mass media?
Ways to communicate with vast numbers of people at the same time
Ways that we communicate with each other, from voice to gestures
Only those forms of communication that are distributed electronically
Only those forms of communication that are distributed in print
Question 9How do folkways differ from mores?
Folkways are much more serious than mores.
Mores are written down and folkways are ritualized.
Folkways are relatively informal and weak, and mores are based on strong values.
Folkways are mores that have been turned into law.
Question 10Why are some practices of cultural export, such as the global spread of Coca Cola, labeled imperialist?
They are forced on their populations by authoritarian governments.
They are very unpopular, but they are present anyway.
The profits from sales return to U.S. corporations, and U.S. ideas maintain a dominant position.
They have been spread by U.S. military operations.
Question 11What concept is represented by the popularity of hip hop in South Korea?
The way cultural expressions of resistance from marginalized communities can spread around the world
The way the tastes of the privileged and powerful are dominant everywhere
Mass immigration from poor communities in the United States to Korea
The way cultural forms tend to remain isolated in the communities from which they emerge
Question 12Older generations’ resistance to new sexual practices amongst younger people illustrates the concept of
culture lag.
cultural imperialism.
culture wars.
cultural diffusion.
Question 13Sociologists have discovered that members of a group
approach decision-making exactly like individuals.
have limited decision-making abilities.
have little effect on each other when making decisions.
make different decisions than would individuals deciding independently.
Question 14A social identity that is recognized as meaningful by society is called a
role.
class.
status.
definition.
Question 15What is a crowd?
An aggregate of individuals who happen to be together
A formalized group with established rules for conduct and membership
The smallest configuration defined by sociologists as a group
A group of people who share a common goal and a common enemy
Question 16How is social networking related to social inequality?
Social networking reduces all inequalities by binding more people together.
There is no effect of social networking on social inequality.
Social networking increases everyone’s inequality by consuming time and resources.
Social networking can exaggerate existing inequalities by making those who are connected even more connected.
Question 17Which of these is a feature of the ideal type of bureaucracy?
Democratic leadership
Expressiveness
Inefficiency
Division of labor
Question 18What is an ideal type?
An organization that functions very well
The abstract mental concept of a pure version of a social phenomenon
The most popular form of something
The unrealistic but desirable vision of how the world should be
Question 19_____ is the process by which we become aware of ourselves as part of a group, learning how to communicate with others as well as the behavior expected of us.
Predestination
Socialization
Identification
Tabula rasa
Question 20The examples of feral children and isolated children like Isabelle show that
working-class children learn different values than middle-class children.
children learn their gender roles primarily through the media.
humans have little or no instinctive knowledge of language and facial expression.
isolated children are mostly those who were born brain damaged.
Question 21Which topic focuses most directly on how we are socialized through organized groups such as the family, religion, and school?
Identity
Interactions
Inequality
Institutions
Question 22A child who wants to play with a toy and is acting on the drive of her id rather than her ego or superego would
ask the child who has it if she may use it when he is done with it.
take it from another child who has it by force.
hesitate to interrupt another child who is playing with it.
share the toy with another child to make them both happy.
Question 23Sennett and Cobb’s research on immigrant parents who struggled to achieve upward mobility showed that they mostly tried to teach their children to
blame the system for their struggles and organize against capitalism.
follow their parents’ example and accept a lower social status in life.
work hard to achieve the success that they had personally failed to achieve.
move back to their home country because upward mobility is not possible.
Question 24What is demonstrated by the fact that U.S. counties with incomes in the top 40% also have the highest rates of people earning bachelor’s degrees?
Bachelor’s degrees are available equally to rich and poor people in the United States.
A person who grows up in a wealthy community is much more likely to get a degree.
Wealthy people tend not to value education but focus on earning money instead.
Naturally successful people achieve both wealth and education through their talents.
Question 25Tracking in schools works to
benefit everyone by sorting students into the appropriate career tracks.
reproduce inequalities while giving the appearance of simply sorting students.
balance inequalities by causing high-achieving students to struggle more.
help children identify their genetic predetermination to academic or practical subjects.
Question 26The boundaries between childhood or adolescence and adulthood
are the same across different societies and different cultures.
have stayed fairly constant over time in the United States.
are marked only by physical signs of development.
are marked by many milestones or rites of passage.
Question 27The way that we understand and define ourselves in relation to our class status is exemplified by which sociological concept?
Institutions
Identity
Inequality
Interactions
Question 28Allison owns a factory where others work for her. Allison exemplifies
the bourgeoisie.
the proletariat.
a feudal lord.
an ascribed status.
Question 29_____ is the best predictor of a person’s life chances.
Region
Identity
Class
Interaction
Question 30Compared to other countries in the developed world, income in the United States is
distributed relatively evenly throughout the population.
quite high for the working classes but lower than average for the rich.
becoming more evenly distributed.
more starkly unequal.
Question 31What term describes banks’ lending tiny amounts of money to local poor people?
Welfare
Microcredit
Commodity chain
World systems theory
Question 32What is the class-based social movement that would instill a democratic society (actual rule by numerical majority)?
Labor movement
Welfare system
Colonialism
Dependency theory
Question 33Omi and Winant’s theory of _____ understands that both the content and importance of racial and ethnic categories are socially constructed.
natural selection
racial formations
assimilation
pluralism
Question 34Considering the legacy of slavery allows us to realize that
racial oppression was already addressed adequately following the Civil War.
GPAs, test scores, and academic success are not connected to histories of racial oppression.
ending segregation and allowing black people into public institutions is enough to achieve equality.
generations of legal oppression have led to undeserved impoverishment for black people and undeserved enrichment for many white people.
Question 35In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites
were discriminatory and therefore illegal.
were necessary to protect the idea of racial harmony while maintaining white supremacy.
although not discriminatory, were no longer necessary.
must be replaced by legal integration.
Question 36Historically, the category white has been
determined solely by skin color.
determined mostly by income level.
static and determined by country of origin.
shifting and affected by social positioning.
Question 37The vision of the United States as a melting pot where ethnicities assimilate and become one homogenous American identity can best be described as
accurate because each ethnic group so far has successfully entirely assimilated.
accurate because people of different ethnicities have equal access to wealth and power in the United States.
inaccurate because ethnic Americans are welcomed into the United States without facing prejudice.
inaccurate because ethnic Americans are often segregated and differences are maintained.
Question 38The Black Lives Matter movement emerged in response to
the absence of black actors honored with Academy Awards.
the racist aggression displayed toward President Obama.
legal segregation and Jim Crow laws.
the disproportionate killings of black people by police officers.
Question 39_____ maintains that different groups in a stable society can treat each other with mutual respect instead of competing and trying to dominate each other, maintaining their distinctiveness while still participating in the greater society without discrimination.
Assimilation
Pluralism
Genocide
Homogeneity
Question 40A person who is transgender
has developed a gender identity that is different from what the culture says should match the sex the person was assigned at birth.
wears the clothing typically assigned to the gender opposite of the person’s own.
was born with a combination of chromosomes that caused the person’s sex to deviate from the binary.
has undergone medical procedures to alter the person’s anatomical sex.
Question 41Which statement accurately describes what sociologists mean by the statement that we “do gender?”
We perform according to the gender we are born with, due to unconscious drives.
Gender identity is only communicated through bodily movement.
Gender is entirely voluntary—something we choose to do without external pressures.
Gender is something that has to be learned and performed; it is not instinctive.
Question 42What do we know about the way color and clothing has been associated with gender across time and culture?
Although many colors have been associated with boys, pink and light colors have always been for girls.
The colors and clothes associated with boys and girls have varied dramatically across time and place.
Girls and boys in every culture have been associated with pink and blue respectively.
Although the colors associated with gender have differed, girls have always been associated with more delicate clothing.
Question 43What do recent studies show about the desires of young men and women in relation to marriage?
Young men want traditional marriages, but women more often prefer egalitarian marriages.
Young men want egalitarian marriages, and young women prefer to remain self-reliant.
Young men and women both want egalitarian marriages, but men want traditional marriage as their fallback choice while women want self-reliance.
Young women want traditional marriages, but men prefer self-reliance.
Question 44Which statement illustrates the concept of occupational sex segregation?
Women, and especially women of color, tend to be disproportionately present in lower-wage careers.
Women tend to find their way into top management positions more easily than men.
Men are overrepresented in domestic and care industries.
Women and men are naturally predisposed to select certain occupations.
Question 45How does marriage affect the health and happiness of men and women?
Although both men and women experience greater happiness and health from marriage, men experience greater benefits.
Men’s happiness and health improves from marriage, but women’s happiness and health declines.
Women benefit from marriage, but men experience less happiness and poorer health.
Both men and women experience poorer health and less happiness after marriage.
Question 46Sociologist Jo Reger says that for young people today, feminism is both “everywhere and nowhere.” What does this mean?
Young people today subscribe to nearly all the tenets of feminism, but believe gender inequality is no longer a problem and often reject the label feminist.
Feminism today is so stigmatized that feminists hide their political position, preferring to write anonymously.
Young people today nearly all identify as feminists but cannot find any avenue for political engagement.
Feminism today is widespread in cultural forms such as music and film, but there is no real movement.
Question 47Tony receives beneficial treatment from his colleagues because of his good looks. Tony is being treated with
negative discrimination.
meta-analysis.
positive discrimination.
body image.
Question 48In 2015, healthcare represented _____% of Gross Domestic Product in the United States.
11.5
13.5
15.5
17.5
Question 49 Sexuality refers to
only our sexual behaviors.
only our sexual identities.
our chromosomal differences.
sexual desire, behavior, and identity.
Question 50The ideology by which attraction between a man and a woman is seen as normal and departure from this norm is stigmatized is
heterosexuality.
sexual script.
heteronormativity.
sexual identity.
