BIO230 Final Exam Latest 2020

NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

Bio 230

Fall 2020 Final Exam

1. Which of the following is a function of the blood?
   1. transport of nutrients and wastes
   2. transport of body heat
   3. transport of gases
   4. All of the answers are correct

1. All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except
   1. blood.
   2. arteries.
   3. heart.
   4. lymph vessels.

1. Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except
   1. nutrients from the digestive tract to the body.
   2. hormones from endocrine glands to target cells.
   3. carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.
   4. wastes from the cells to the kidneys.

1. The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
   1. serum.
   2. lymph.
   3. whole blood.
   4. extracellular fluid.

1. The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
   1. hematocrit.
   2. specific gravity.
   3. viscosity.

1. Platelets are
   1. red cells that lack a nucleus.
   2. blue cells that have a nucleus.
   3. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
   4. tiny cells with a polynucleus.

1. Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?
   1. RBCs
   2. platelets
   3. antibodies
   4. lymphocytes

1. True or False              

Pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs, and pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the heart.

1. The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow
   1. in one direction only.
   2. in both directions.
   3. in many directions.
   4. in opposite directions on the right and left.

1. The inner most layer of a blood vessel is the
   1. tunica intima.
   2. tunica externa.
   3. tunica media.
   4. tunica interna.

1. The outer most layer of a blood vessel is the
   1. tunica intima.
   2. tunica externa.
   3. tunica media.
   4. tunica interna.

1. Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
   1. tunica intima.
   2. tunica externa.
   3. tunica media.
   4. tunica interna

1. Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it starts flowing from the heart, moving throughout the body, and then back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.

1. venules
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. elastic arteries
5. medium veins
6. large veins
7. muscular arteries A) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

C) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 4

1. The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
   1. arteries.
   2. arterioles.
   3. capillaries.
   4. venules.
   5. veins.

1. B cells are part of ---------

1. Antibody-mediated immunity
2. Cell-mediated immunity

1. Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
   1. large veins
   2. venules
   3. medium veins
   4. capillaries

1. True or False            

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by kidney and released into plasma in response to hypoxia.

1. Exchange substances between blood and tissues happens in         
   1. Arteries
   2. Veins
   3. Capillaries

1. True or False            

Tunica media in veins, generally thinner than the tunica media in arteries.

1. The ---------- has a greater workload than the---------- --.
   1. left ventricle; right ventricle
   2. right ventricle; left ventricle

1. Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?
   1. arteries
   2. veins
   3. capillaries
   4. venules

1. RBCs (Red Blood Cells) move single file through this structure.
   1. artery
   2. arteriole
   3. capillary
   4. venule

1. Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
   1. continuous capillaries.
   2. fenestrated capillaries.
   3. sinusoidal capillaries.

1. Capillaries with a perforated lining (pores) are called
   1. continuous capillaries.
   2. fenestrated capillaries.
   3. sinusoidal capillaries.
   4. sinusoids.

1. After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
   1. arteries.
   2. arterioles.
   3. capillaries.
   4. venules.
   5. veins.

1. The type of capillary that permit the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the

1. perforated capillaries.
2. discontinuous capillaries.
3. fenestrated capillaries.
4. sinusoids.

1. The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the
   1. base.
   2. apex.
   3. right border.
   4. left border.

1. The inferior point of the heart is called the
   1. base.
   2. apex.
   3. right border.
   4. left border.

1. Intercalated discs between cardiac muscle cells serve to transfer                  from cell to cell.
   1. ionic currents
   2. action potentials
   3. the force of contraction
   4. All of the answers are correct

1. Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
   1. the coronary arteries
   2. contact with blood in the pumping chambers.
   3. arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
   4. None of the answers is correct.

1. Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
   1. right atrium.
   2. right ventricle.
   3. left atrium.
   4. left ventricle.

1. Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
   1. right atrium.
   2. right ventricle.
   3. left atrium.
   4. left ventricle.

1. The right ventricle pumps blood to the
   1. right and left lungs.
   2. left ventricle.
   3. left atrium.
   4. aorta.

1. The left ventricle pumps blood to the
   1. lungs.
   2. right ventricle.
   3. right atrium.
   4. aorta.

1. Lymphocytes function in:

1. Production of hormones
2. Transmission of nerve signals
3. Digestion of fats
4. Combatting infection

1. The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.

1. Purkinje fibers
2. AV node
3. SA node
4. bundle branches

The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is which of the following? A) 1, 3, 2, 4

B) 2, 3, 4, 1

C) 2, 4, 3, 1

D) 3, 2, 4, 1

1. Red Blood Cells are known as               
   1. Erythrocytes
   2. Leucocytes

1. In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

                 membrane permeability to                   ions.

1. 1. increased; sodium
   2. increased; potassium
   3. decreased; calcium

1. The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
   1. movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane into the cell.
   2. calcium channels remaining open.
   3. decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.

1. As people age, their blood vessels harden and lose elasticity, a condition called
   1. arteriosclerosis
   2. myocardial infarction

1. If the arteries that deliver blood to the heart become completely blocked,               can occur.
   1. arteriosclerosis
   2. myocardial infarction

1. True or False          

A major role of the lymphatic system is to return tissue fluid to the circulatory system.

1. Lymph nodes are composed chiefly of:
   1. Blood cells
   2. Platelets
   3. Lymphocytes
   4. Fatty Tissues

1. If a person had the thymus gland removed, which of the following would NOT occur in his or her body?

1. production of B cells
2. production of T cells
3. maturation of B cells
4. maturation of T cells

Questions 45-48, match the components of the lymphatic System to their corresponding functions.

1. 1. Spleen            B) Thymus         C) Lymph      D) Lymph nodes

1. Fluid that travels in the lymphatic.

1. Lymphoid organs which house many Lymphocytes and monitor the composition of

lymph.

1. A primary lymphoid organ, the site of T cell development and maturation.

1. A secondary lymphoid organ, important for the phagocytosis of OLD Red Blood Cells.

1. Skin is part of ---------
   1. Innate immunity
   2. adaptive immunity

1. T cells are part of ---------
   1. Antibody-mediated immunity
   2. Cell-mediated immunity
   3.