BIO230 Exam 2 Latest 2020

NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

Exam 2

1) Which of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?

A) muscle

B) neural

C) bone

D) connective

2) An epithelial cell with cilia would have them on the ________ surface.

A) lateral

B) basal

C) apical

D) basolateral

3) Involuntary muscle includes ________.

A) skeletal muscle only

B) smooth muscle only

C) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

D) smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and some skeletal muscle

4) Which is the most abundant kind of tissue in most animals?

A) connective

B) epithelial

C) blood

D) muscle

5) What kind of connective tissue has a matrix that is strong and flexible with no blood vessel?

A) bone

B) adipose tissue

C) loose connective tissue

D) cartilage

6) Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that ________.

A) it is made up of cells

B) the cells are sparsely scattered through an extracellular matrix

C) it is not made up of cells

D) it is found only in humans

7) Which one of the following types of tissue stores fat in the body?

A) cartilage

B) bone

C) adipose tissue

D) fibrous connective tissue

8) Bone is a type of ________.

A) connective tissue

B) epithelial tissue

C) extracellular matrix

D) adipose tissue

9) In animals, individual cells are grouped into ________.

A) organs

B) tissues

C) organisms

D) organ systems

10) Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except

A) secretion.

B contraction

C) regeneration.

D) polarity.

11) Simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A) at the surface of the skin.

B) lining the trachea.

C) lining blood vessels.

D) forming the kidney tubules

12) Simple columnar epithelia are found

A) lining the urinary bladder.

B) lining the sweat glands.

C) lining kidney tubules.

D) lining the stomach and small intestine.

13) The combination of fibers and ground substance in fluid connective tissues is known as

A) ground substance.

B) matrix.

C) cytosol.

D) plasma

14) The framework of organs such as the liver and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

A) areolar connective

B) regular dense connective

C) reticular connective

D) adipose

15) The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

A) tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments.

B) cartilage, bone, and collagen.

C) collagen, reticular, and elastic.

D) loose, dense, and irregular.

16) Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

A) adipocytes

B) fibroblasts

C) macrophage

D) lymphocyte

17) What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?

A) red blood cells

B) white blood cells

C) platelet

D) phagocyte

18) Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except

A) protection of underlying tissue.

B) excretion of salts and wastes.

C) maintenance of body temperature.

D) synthesis of vitamin C.

19) The two components of the integumentary system are the

A) epidermis and superficial fascia.

B) cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.

C) cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.

D) integument and hypodermis.

20) Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except

A) hair follicles.

B) sebaceous glands.

C) sweat glands.

D) epidermis.

21) Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

22) Which layer contains most of the accessory organs?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 5

23) The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the

A) stratum corneum.

B) stratum lucidum.

C) stratum basale.

D) stratum granulosum.

24) The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the

A) stratum corneum.

B) stratum lucidum.

C) stratum basale.

D) stratum granulosum.

25) Thin skin contains ________ layer(s) and thick skin contains ________ layers.

A) 1; 2

B) 2; 3

C) 3; 4

D) 4; 5

26) All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is

A) multilayered.

B) flexible.

C) vascularized

D) serving as UV radiation protection.

27) An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A) melanin.

B) keratin.

C) carotene.

D) hemoglobin

28) The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

A) carotene and tyrosine.

B) carotene and melanin.

C) melanin and hemoglobin.

D) tyrosine and melanin.

29) ________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

A) Melanin

B) Chlorophyll

C) Carotene

D) Hemoglobin

30) Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum

A) corneum.

B) basale

C) granulosum.

D) spinosum.

31) The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

A) collagen.

B) elastin

C) keratin.

D) melanin

32) Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

A) sebaceous

B) apocrine sweat

C) merocrine sweat

D) ceruminous

33) When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A) "goose bumps" are formed.

B) hairs are shed.

C) sweat is released from sweat glands.

D) shivering occurs.

34) Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

A) body support

B) calcium homeostasis

C) protection of internal organs

D) blood cell production

E) All of the answers are correct.

35) Small, oddly shaped bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called ________

bones.

A) long

B) short

C) sutural

D) irregular

36) The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

A) long

B) short

C) flat

D) irregular

37) The adult skeleton contains ________ major bones.

A) 114

B) 167

C) 206

D) 276

38) The region of a long bone between the end (head) and the shaft is known as the

A) diaphysis.

B) epiphysis.

C) osseophysis.

D) metaphysis

39) The articular cartilage of a typical long bone covers portions of what part of the bone?

A) metaphysis

B) diaphysis

C) epiphysis

D) nutrient foramen

40) ________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

A) Yellow bone marrow

B) Articular cartilage

C) Red bone marrow

D) Spongy bone

41) Which of the following best matches osteocyte?

A) stem cell

B) dissolves matrix

C) mature bone cell

D) secretes organic matrix

42) Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

A) osteocytes.

B) osteoprogenitor cells.

C) osteoblasts.

D) osteoclasts.

43) Through the action of osteoclasts,

A) new bone is formed.

B) an organic framework is formed.

C) bony matrix is dissolved.

D) osteoid is calcified.

44) How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a

bone?

A) The bone would be less flexible.

B) The bone would be stronger.

C) The bone would be more brittle.

D) The bone would be more flexible.

45) The lacunae of bone tissue contain

A) blood cells.

B) osteocytes.

C) chondroblasts.

D) bone marrow.

46) The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called

A) osteons.

B) trabeculae.

C) concentric lamellae.

D) interstitial lamellae.

47) ________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.

A) Short

B) Irregular

C) Spongy

D) Compact

48) The structural units of mature compact bone are called

A) lacunae.

B) osteocytes.

C) osteons.

D) canaliculi.

49) During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone.

A) osteolysis

B) ossification

C) appositional growth

D) deposition

50) What type of tissue grafting is Xenograft?