POLI330 Final exam 2018
Question 1
(TCO 1) Historians and political scientists are different
because historians _____ and political scientists _____.
Chapter 1, page 5
are reluctant to generalize; look for generalizations
look for generalizations; are reluctant to generalize
are more likely to look for comparisons; focus on
differences
tend to focus on nature-based explanations; focus on
nurture-based explanations
Question 2
(TCO 1) The notion that politicians think practically and
political scientists think abstractly is indicative of which of the following?
Political scientists often train politicians.
Politicians often train political scientists.
Political scientists and politicians are different in that
the former studies the latter.
Political scientists and politicians are often
indistinguishable.
Question 3
(TCO 1) When people base their views on beliefs that may not
be based in reality, they are behaving _____.
irrationally
rationally
politically
legitimately
Question 4
(TCO 1) Which of the following best exemplifies sovereignty?
The United States negotiating a trade agreement with Canada
The people of France acknowledging the authority of their
president
Israel asserting jurisdiction over the Gaza Strip
President Obama having the support of the people who elected
him
Question 5
(TCO 1) Despite a disputed 2000 presidential election, once
President George W. Bush took office, few people doubted his _____.
charisma
control
legitimacy
sovereignty
Question 6
(TCO 1) Relating concepts in a way that connects them in an
empirical manner is the basis of _____ building.
scholarship
theory
power
culture
Question 7
(TCO 1) The term for measuring with numbers is _____.
quantifying
hypothesis
qualifying
empirical
Question 8
(TCO 4) Unlike natural law, positive law uses _____.
the spirit of the law to make determinations
books to reach conclusions
judicial sentencing to determine case outcomes
jury selection to manipulate judgment
Question 9
(TCO 4) Under which of the following circumstances might a
case be pursued as both a criminal and a civil case?
A state accuses banks of mortgage fraud, sold to investors
elsewhere in the nation.
Drug traffickers violate property and federal law by moving
drugs across state borders.
Burglars violate federal property and the state sues them
for damages.
The federal government accuses a food manufacture of unsafe
food practices and consumers injured by their product sue them.
Question 10
(TCO 4) The concept of judicial review falls under which
article of the U.S. Constitution?
Article I: The Legislative Branch
Article III: The Judicial Branch
Article VI: Debts, Supremacy, Oaths
Judicial review is not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.
Question 11
(TCO 4) What legal agency in the United States generates
reputation-based ratings of prospective federal judges?
Judicial Ratings Bureau
Federal Bureau of Judicial Review
American Bar Association
Office of Legal Assessment
Question 12
(TCO 4) How does the American concept of judicial review
compare to the role of courts in foreign systems?
Most countries maintain a similar process of judicial
review, which evaluates federal laws against the nation’s constitution.
Judicial review is more highly developed in the United
States than in any other country, and Americans expect more of their courts
than do other peoples.
The United States is the only developed nation to maintain
the process of judicial review.
Most foreign constitutions are exempt from judicial review,
stripping the courts of any power they might have in shaping legislation.
Question 13
(TCO 4) Examine the ideal role of American judges.
Judges should intervene frequently, interpreting the law
according to their expertise and ensuring a fair trial.
Judges should act as umpires, passively watching the legal
drama and ruling only on disputed points of procedure.
Judges should not intervene unless attorneys object, at
which point they may either overrule or sustain the objection.
Judges should take an active role, questioning witnesses,
eliciting evidence, and commenting on procedure.
Question 14
(TCO 4) Compare the Warren Court to those immediately
succeeding it.
The Warren Court was generally considered conservative, but
subsequent courts were seen as more liberal.
Subsequent courts were conservative, but not nearly as
conservative as the Warren Court.
Succeeding Courts failed to represent the conservative
agenda of the Warren Court.
While the Warren Court was rather progressive, subsequent
courts were viewed as conservative.
Question 15
(TCO 5) Why do the responsibilities of legislative and
executive powers often overlap?
Separation of powers is rarely clear-cut.
Separation of powers is rare among industrialized nations.
Separation of powers is absolute.
Separation of powers grants obtuse levels of power to the
executive branch.
Question 16
(TCO 5) In a parliamentary system, voters directly elect
_____.
members of Parliament and the prime minister
members of Parliament and the ministerial cabinet
members of Parliament only
the prime minister only
Question 17
(TCO 5) Because of the separation of powers inherent in a
presidential system, some scholars think that executive-legislative _____ is
common in systems like that used in the United States.
cooperation
stagnation
deadlock
insolvency
Question 18
(TCO 5) Each division of government in a parliamentary
system is headed by a _____.
secretary
president
prime minister
minister
Question 19
(TCO 5) The only political system that could guarantee the
cooperation between the legislative and executive branches is _____.
a monarchy
a dictatorship
a democracy
an oligarchy
Question 20
(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary
system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States.
Party chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.
Citizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.
Citizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the
next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.
The prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be
reappointed one time.
Question 21
(TCO 5) Describe how the United States expands its cabinet.
The president can create a new department at his or her
will.
Congress must agree on the new department and provisions for
its funds must be made.
In order for a new department to be developed, a former one
must be deleted.
New departments are no longer developed.
Question 22
(TCO 7) Describe how today’s conservatives use the term
political economy.
Conservatives use the term to try to get back to the pure
market system advocated by Adam Smith.
Conservatives understand the term within the context of
Machiavelli’s The Prince.
Conservatives veer toward John Stuart Mill’s usage, which
advocated utilitarianism.
Conservatives take a neo-utilitarian approach, hoping to
benefit the weakest members of society.
Question 23
(TCO 7) How do Keynesian economic policies differ from the
traditional laissez-faire policies developed by Adam Smith?
Laissez-faire advocates for “cutthroat” capitalism, and
Keynesian policies seek to spread wealth equally among a nation’s citizens.
Keynesian economics advocate for increased government
control of economics, and traditional laissez-faire argues for a hands-free
approach.
Smithian policies advocate for increased spending and
stimuli for government-run businesses, and Keynesian economics argues for a
hands-free approach.
The more liberal Smithian economies distribute wealth more
evenly among society, and Keynesian economics tends to distribute wealth among
the top 1%.
Question 24
(TCO 7) What event is largely considered responsible for
deterring Johnson’s War on Poverty?
Great Society
Vietnam War
Middle-class entitlements
Tax expenditures
Question 25
(TCO 7) Which of the following is an increasing financial
concern of the Medicare program?
The proportion of older people in American society is
increasing steadily.
Every American citizen on reaching 65 obtains Medicare,
regardless of class.
Economic inequality renders Medicare more necessary for some
than for others.
Wealthy Americans are taking advantage of the Medicare
system.
Question 26
(TCO 7) Why are many politicians wary about limiting Social
Security and Medicare expenses?
Many would be left without enough to support them.
Caps to these programs would undermine the welfare state.
It can cost them votes.
Both are primary social safety nets.
Question 27
(TCO 7) Compare American and Canadian views on the size of
government.
Americans believe the government is too small, and Canadians
feel that government intrudes on individual privacy.
As citizens of similar nations located in North America,
both Americans and Canadians feel that government is too large.
Americans and Canadians generally agree that government
should be larger, funding welfare programs such as Medicaid and food stamps.
Many Americans believe government is too large, and
Canadians recognize that government has a pivotal role to play and accept
higher taxes.
Question 28
(TCO 7) Theoretically, what are the consequences if the
government assumes the burden of bad loans?
Citizens will default on their mortgages.
Banks will learn from their mistakes and pay back the burden
with interest.
Ultimately, the government will profit.
Firms will be encouraged to continue their risky behavior.
Question 29
(TCO 9) Rarely the work of small bands and conspirators
alone, _____ are usually the result of system collapse, which permits small but
well-organized groups (often military) to take over.
the erosion of legitimacy
acts of genocide
dictatorships
coups d’état
Question 30
(TCO 9) What is the relationship between a high sense of
government legitimacy among the people and police officers when legitimacy is
high?
Spending on policing is low.
There are fewer police interfering in civilian life.
Fewer police are needed.
The police must use a particularly heavy hand.
Question 31
(TCO 9) How is high unemployment relevant to civil conflict?
Unemployed young men incline naturally to unrest.
The unemployed tend to be passive, keeping civil conflict at
bay.
Unemployed mothers, desperate for their children, tend to
take to the streets.
The unemployed tend to be uninformed about politics, and
therefore rarely take part in civil conflict.
Question 32
(TCO 9) What are the aims of terrorists via their calculated
acts of terrorism?
To panic their enemies, to gain publicity and recruits, and
to get the foe to overreact and drive more people to side with the terrorists
To destroy as much of the economic strength of a nation as
possible
To kill national leaders
To kill their enemies, to gain recruits, and to get the UN
to overreact and cause more people to side with the terrorists
Question 33
(TCO 9) What is the crux of radical revolutionary thinking?
An economic plan to back up political ideas
Belief that it is possible to remake society
Belief that violence is the key to change
A purely ideological motive
Question 34
(TCO 9) Does terrorism work?
Rarely, and seldom without political and/or economic
pressure
Rarely, but primarily when brought against democratic
nations
Often, and without much need for political pressure to aid
it
Often, but only with the assistance of economic and/or
political pressure
Question 35
(TCO 9) Why do some scholars say velvet revolutions are not
revolutions at all?
They are not ideologically driven.
They fail to bring about genuine democracy.
They lack the ferocious qualities of violent revolutions.
They don’t bring about real regime change.
Question 36
(TCO 2) Democracy has changed dramatically since its original
application in ancient Athens. Describe the evolution of democracy by comparing
and contrasting direct democracy with representative democracy. In completing
this comparison, be sure to incorporate Aristotle’s concerns about democracy
and assess the stability offered by these variations within democracy.
Question 37
(TCO 3) Compare and contrast interest groups and political
parties. In your response, be sure to provide examples their similarities and
differences. In addition, please assess what advantages interest groups offer
that political parties don’t and then what advantages d political parties offer
that interest groups don’t.
Question 38
(TCO 6) Since the end of WWII, international relations have
been framed by the conflict between liberal governments and communist ideals.
Compare and contrast the features of these systems and assess their continued
impact on the global community. Please be certain to explain classical and
modern liberalism, socialism, and communism within your responses and provide
examples to support your points.
(TCO 8) The United Nations is an international organization
that promotes the idea of using diplomacy as a means of preventing war.
Investigate the role of diplomacy in maintaining peace between nations. What
actions might a diplomat take to encourage peace? What are some factors that
may cause diplomacy to fail? Please be sure to provide specific examples in
your response.
Question 1
(TCO 1) Politics could be referred to the “master science”
because politics _____.
predates the other social sciences
is more rigorous compared to other social sciences
is more difficult to study than other social sciences
relates to other social sciences
Question 2
(TCO 1) The notion that politicians think practically and
political scientists think abstractly is indicative of which of the following?
Political scientists often train politicians.
Politicians often train political scientists.
Political scientists and politicians are different in that
the former studies the latter.
Political scientists and politicians are often
indistinguishable.
Question 3
(TCO 1) When people base their views on beliefs that may not
be based in reality, they are behaving _____.
irrationally
rationally
politically
legitimately
Question 4
(TCO 1) _____ is the use of public office for private gain.
Sovereignty
Corruption
Authority
Legitimacy
Question 5
(TCO 1) Despite a disputed 2000 presidential election, once
President George W. Bush took office, few people doubted his _____.
charisma
control
legitimacy
sovereignty
Question 6
(TCO 1) Relating concepts in a way that connects them in an
empirical manner is the basis of _____ building.
scholarship
theory
power
culture
Question 7
(TCO 1) _____ refers to something based on observable
evidence.
Quantification
Hypothesis
Qualification
Empirical
Question 8
(TCO 4) Unlike natural law, positive law uses _____.
the spirit of the law to make determinations
books to reach conclusions
judicial sentencing to determine case outcomes
jury selection to manipulate judgment
Question 9
(TCO 4) Under which of the following circumstances might a
case be pursued as both a criminal and a civil case?
The federal government accuses investment houses of
wrongdoing and investors who lost money sue them.
Drug traffickers violate property and federal law by moving
drugs across state borders.
Burglars violate federal property and the state sues them
for damages.
A state accuses banks of mortgage fraud in mortgages sold to
investors elsewhere in the nation.
Question 10
(TCO 4) Which of the following is an important role of U.S.
courts and their greatest contribution to governance?
Ensure that statutory laws do not violate the constitution
Protect individual rights and liberties
Guarantee administrative usages do not get out of hand
Judicial review
Question 11
Compare the election cycles of federal and state judges.
State judges are elected directly, and federal judges go
through an electoral college.
State judges are elected based on population, and federal
judges are elected per state.
State judges are elected, and federal judges are appointed.
The election process is nearly identical.
Question 12
(TCO 4) Which of the following was an argument against
granting the U.S. Supreme Court the power of judicial review?
Many feared that such a power would give the court a double
check and compromise its neutrality.
Some thought that such power would create untrustworthy
judges.
The founders argued that judicial review would lead to undue
indictments by the court.
Drafters of the Constitution feared that few laws would ever
be set in stone.
Question 13
(TCO 4) Examine the ideal role of American judges.
Judges should intervene frequently, interpreting the law
according to their expertise and ensuring a fair trial.
Judges should act as umpires, passively watching the legal
drama and ruling only on disputed points of procedure.
Judges should not intervene unless attorneys object, at
which point they may either overrule or sustain the objection.
Judges should take an active role, questioning witnesses,
eliciting evidence, and commenting on procedure.
Question 14
(TCO 4) In Lombard v. Louisiana (1963), the Warren Court
supported _____, ruling that blacks who had refused to leave a segregated lunch
counter could not be prosecuted.
boycotts
sit-ins
picket lines
protests
Question 15
(TCO 5) Countries with limits on government have usually had
feudal pasts, which suggests what about the dispersion of power?
Equal distribution of power is the only effective political
structure.
Power must be distributed by the working class.
Power should be concentrated among the lower classes.
Dispersion of power is good and concentration of power is
bad.
Question 16
(TCO 5) How often does the cabinet change in a parliamentary
system?
Every 4 years
Every 6 years
Every 8 years
When the cabinet is voted out or resigns
Question 17
(TCO 5) What is the effect of divided government, such as
that used in the United States, on spending and policy formation?
It encourages unhealthy spending and foolish policies.
It holds down spending and foolish policies.
It encourages irresponsible spending because representatives
are held accountable for only a short amount of time.
It encourages responsible spending, but is slow to implement
policy.
Question 18
(TCO 5) The head of ministry is equivalent to the _____ in
the United States.
chief of government
head of state
departmental secretary
premier
Question 19
(TCO 5) When it comes to electing officials, which factor
matters the most to voters in both presidential and parliamentary elections?
Party affiliation
Political ideologies
Money invested in campaign
Personality
Question 20
(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary
system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States.
Party chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.
Citizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.
Citizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the
next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.
The prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be
reappointed one time.
Question 21
(TCO 5) Describe how the United States expands its cabinet.
The president can create a new department at his or her
will.
Congress must agree on the new department and provisions for
its funds must be made.
In order for a new department to be developed, a former one
must be deleted.
New departments are no longer developed.
Question 22
(TCO 7) Radicals use the term political economy instead of
_____ to describe their critique of capitalism and the inequitable distribution
of wealth among nations.
Marxism
laissez-faire
public choice
Keynesian
Question 23
(TCO 7) Early 20th-century European governments subscribed
to _____ doctrines, generally keeping their hands away from the economy.
classic liberal
inflationary
neoclassical
Smithian
Question 24
(TCO 7) Between 1965 and 1973, the percentage of Americans
living below the poverty line _____.
doubled
greatly decreased
slightly increased
rapidly increased
Question 25
(TCO 7) Which of the following is an increasing financial
concern of the Medicare program?
The proportion of older people in American society is
increasing steadily.
Every American citizen on reaching 65 obtains Medicare,
regardless of class.
Economic inequality renders Medicare more necessary for some
than for others.
Wealthy Americans are taking advantage of the Medicare
system.
Question 26
(TCO 7) According to political scientist Ira Sharkansky,
“All modern states are welfare states, and all welfare states are _____.”
democratic
compassionate
bureaucratic
incoherent
Question 27
(TCO 7) Compare American and Canadian views on the size of
government.
Americans believe the government is too small, and Canadians
feel that government intrudes on individual privacy.
As citizens of similar nations located in North America,
both Americans and Canadians feel that government is too large.
Americans and Canadians generally agree that government
should be larger, funding welfare programs such as Medicaid and food stamps.
Many Americans believe government is too large, and
Canadians recognize that government has a pivotal role to play and accept
higher taxes.
Question 28
(TCO 7) Theoretically, what are the consequences if the
government assumes the burden of bad loans?
Citizens will default on their mortgages.
Banks will learn from their mistakes and pay back the burden
with interest.
Ultimately, the government will profit.
Firms will be encouraged to continue their risky behavior.
Question 29
(TCO 9) Rarely the work of small bands and conspirators
alone, _____ are usually the result of system collapse, which permits small but
well-organized groups (often military) to take over.
the erosion of legitimacy
acts of genocide
dictatorships
coups d’état
Question 30
(TCO 9) Riots triggered by police beating youths, protests
against globalization, and labor strikes against austerity are all examples of
_____.
purely traditional violence
issue-oriented violence
violence carried out by civilian institutions of government
coups
Question 31
(TCO 9) How is high unemployment relevant to civil conflict?
Unemployed young men incline naturally to unrest.
The unemployed tend to be passive, keeping civil conflict at
bay.
Unemployed mothers, desperate for their children, tend to
take to the streets.
The unemployed tend to be uninformed about politics, and
therefore rarely take part in civil conflict.
Question 32
(TCO 9) What are the aims of terrorists via their calculated
acts of terrorism?
To panic their enemies, to gain publicity and recruits, and
to get the foe to overreact and drive more people to side with the terrorists
To destroy as much of the economic strength of a nation as
possible
To kill national leaders
To kill their enemies, to gain recruits, and to get the UN
to overreact and cause more people to side with the terrorists
Question 33
(TCO 9) Which of the following options best describes
countries before and after revolutions?
Before, revolutionary movements are still idealistic and
convinced they will bring a better society; after seizing power, the
revolutionary regime discovers it’s not difficult to make an economy work.
Before, revolutionary movements are still idealistic and
convinced they will bring a better society; after seizing power, the
revolutionary regime discovers it’s a lot harder to make an economy work than
it thought.
Before, revolutionary movements believe that a truly
committed regime can redo society; after seizing power, the revolutionary
regime discovers its ideological ideals are impractical.
Before, revolutionary movements bomb and assassinate in an
effort to overthrow corrupt governments; after seizing power, the revolutionary
regime almost always finds itself being bombed and in the sights of assassins.
Question 34
(TCO 9) Does terrorism work?
Rarely, and seldom without political and/or economic
pressure
Rarely, but primarily when brought against democratic
nations
Often, and without much need for political pressure to aid
it
Often, but only with the assistance of economic and/or
political pressure
Question 35
(TCO 9) Why are intellectuals nearly everywhere discontented
with the existing state of affairs?
They are highly educated and acquainted with a variety of
ideas, some of them utopian.
They are elitist and can work with neither the people nor
the government.
Negative people tend to be attracted to intellectual spheres
of life.
Intellectuals are no more discontented with the existing
state of affairs than the rest of the population.
Question 36
(TCO 2) Democracy has changed dramatically since its original
application in ancient Athens. Describe the evolution of democracy by comparing
and contrasting direct democracy with representative democracy. In completing
this comparison, be sure to incorporate Aristotle’s concerns about democracy
and assess the stability offered by these variations within democracy.
.
Question 37
(TCO 3) Compare and contrast interest groups and political
parties. In your response, be sure to provide examples their similarities and
differences. In addition, please assess what advantages interest groups offer
that political parties don’t and then what advantages d political parties offer
that interest groups don’t.
Question 38
(TCO 6) The United States has utilized multiple forms of
liberalism throughout its history. Please distinguish the specific
characteristics of classical and modern liberalism and outline the evolution of
these forms of liberalism within the United States. Please be sure to include
specific historic examples to support your points.
Question 39
(TCO 8) Today’s world seems to be moving beyond sovereignty
and toward supranational leadership to cooperate on issues of global
importance. What are some of these issues? How might they be solved through
supranational cooperation? Does such cooperation impede the sovereignty of
independent nations? Please sure to include specific examples in supporting
your points.
Question 1
(TCO 1) Politics could be referred to the “master science”
because politics _____.
predates the other social sciences
is more rigorous compared to other social sciences
is more difficult to study than other social sciences
relates to other social sciences
Question 2
(TCO 1) Which are both true for most politicians?
They think practically and are skeptical of power
They seek popularity and hold firm views
They offer single causes and think abstractly
They seek accuracy and offer long-term consequences
Question 3
(TCO 1) Rationality is based on which of the following?
Reason
Myth
Culture
Biology
Question 4
(TCO 1) _____ is the use of public office for private gain.
Sovereignty
Corruption
Authority
Legitimacy
Question 5
(TCO 1) The notion that you respect the U.S. Congress, even
though it is controlled by a party with which you do not agree, pertains to
_____.
sovereignty
authority
legitimacy
monarchy
Question 6
(TCO 1) Relating concepts in a way that connects them in an
empirical manner is the basis of _____ building.
scholarship
theory
power
culture
Question 7
(TCO 1) The term for measuring with numbers is _____.
quantifying
hypothesis
qualifying
empirical
Question 8
(TCO 4) The English common law stressed the rights of free
and equal men and was developed on the basis of precedent set by earlier
judges, known today as _____.
judge-made law
judicial precedent
example by trial
court generated
Question 9
(TCO 4) Which of the following issues is a civil concern?
Extortion
Theft
Divorce
Trafficking
Question 10
(TCO 4) Which of the following is an important role of U.S.
courts and their greatest contribution to governance?
Ensure that statutory laws do not violate the constitution
Protect individual rights and liberties
Guarantee administrative usages do not get out of hand
Judicial review
Question 11
(TCO 4) Who nominates and approves federal judges in the
U.S. court system?
The president and the Senate
The Senate and the House
The president and Speaker of the House
The Senate and the Secretary of State
Question 12
(TCO 4) When was judicial review granted to the Supreme
Court within the United States?
It was granted during the Constitution Convention of 1787.
It was granted in the Bill of Rights.
It was the result of the Marbury v. Madison decision of
1803.
It was never officially adopted but is an unofficial
practice.
Question 13
(TCO 4) Describe the primary jurisdiction of the U.S.
Supreme Court.
It makes initial rulings on all federal cases, whether civil
or criminal.
It rules on high penalty cases, including those with life
sentences and the death penalty.
Its jurisdiction is almost entirely appellate, from lower
federal or state supreme courts.
Its jurisdiction is broad, ranging from appellate rulings to
original rulings in federal crimes.
Question 14
(TCO 4) Compare the Warren Court to those immediately
succeeding it.
The Warren Court was generally considered conservative, but
subsequent courts were seen as more liberal.
Subsequent courts were conservative, but not nearly as
conservative as the Warren Court.
Succeeding Courts failed to represent the conservative
agenda of the Warren Court.
While the Warren Court was rather progressive, subsequent
courts were viewed as conservative.
Question 15
(TCO 5) Which systems demonstrate the clearest separation of
power between the executive and legislative branches?
Parliamentary
Presidential
Monarchies
Ministerial
Question 16
(TCO 5) In Europe, a cabinet is equivalent to the U.S.
_____.
administration
Congress
President
legislature
Question 17
(TCO 5) Voters receive the most direct representation in
which system?
Parliamentary
Presidential
Electoral
Coalition
Question 18
(TCO 5) Who directly calls forth the leader of the largest
party to take office with a cabinet and become the prime minister?
The voters
Parliament
The monarch
The House of Commons
Question 19
(TCO 5) When it comes to electing officials, which factor
matters the most to voters in both presidential and parliamentary elections?
Party affiliation
Political ideologies
Money invested in campaign
Personality
Question 20
(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary
system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States.
Party chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.
Citizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.
Citizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the
next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.
The prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be
reappointed one time.
Question 21
(TCO 5) What is the role of cabinet members?
Cabinet members assist chief executives by designing and
heading their own divisions of government.
Cabinet members work independently from chief executives by
heading a major executive division of government.
Cabinets members assist chief executives by heading a major
executive division of government.
Cabinet members work independently from chief executives by
designing and heading their own divisions of government.
Question 22
(TCO 7) Describe how today’s conservatives use the term
political economy.
Conservatives use the term to try to get back to the pure
market system advocated by Adam Smith.
Conservatives understand the term within the context of
Machiavelli’s The Prince.
Conservatives veer toward John Stuart Mill’s usage, which
advocated utilitarianism.
Conservatives take a neo-utilitarian approach, hoping to
benefit the weakest members of society.
Question 23
(TCO 7) Describe British economist John Maynard Keynes’
proposal to cure economic depressions.
Keynes suggested infusing the economy with government funds
to promote spending.
Keynes advocated for “trickle-down” economic policies.
Keynes argued for stronger stimulus packages to corporations
and small businesses.
Keynes proposed to cure depressions by dampening the swings
of the business cycle.
Question 24
(TCO 7) Between 1965 and 1973, the percentage of Americans
living below the poverty line _____.
doubled
greatly decreased
slightly increased
rapidly increased
Question 25
(TCO 7) Medical costs consume nearly _____ % of the U.S.
gross domestic product, most of it paid through government and private health
insurance.
11
18
22
26
Question 26
(TCO 7) According to political scientist Ira Sharkansky,
“All modern states are welfare states, and all welfare states are _____.”
democratic
compassionate
bureaucratic
incoherent
Question 27
(TCO 7) Compare American and Canadian views on the size of
government.
Americans believe the government is too small, and Canadians
feel that government intrudes on individual privacy.
As citizens of similar nations located in North America,
both Americans and Canadians feel that government is too large.
Americans and Canadians generally agree that government
should be larger, funding welfare programs such as Medicaid and food stamps.
Many Americans believe government is too large, and
Canadians recognize that government has a pivotal role to play and accept
higher taxes.
Question 28
(TCO 7) Theoretically, what are the consequences if the
government assumes the burden of bad loans?
Citizens will default on their mortgages.
Banks will learn from their mistakes and pay back the burden
with interest.
Ultimately, the government will profit.
Firms will be encouraged to continue their risky behavior.
Question 29
(TCO 9) What is the most common response to serious domestic
unrest?
Revolution
Coup d’état
Military takeover
UN diplomatic action
Question 30
(TCO 9) Riots triggered by police beating youths, protests
against globalization, and labor strikes against austerity are all examples of
_____.
purely traditional violence
issue-oriented violence
violence carried out by civilian institutions of government
coups
Question 31
(TCO 9) Why might a period of prosperity bring about
revolution?
When people move in and out of poverty, they have no hope
for the future, and so see nothing to lose in rebelling.
When things improve for the wealthy, they start imagining an
even better future. No longer content with their already luxurious lot, they
want improvement faster than even a growing economy can deliver.
When things improve for the poor, they realize just how bad
they’ve had it and their anger is unleashed.
When things improve for the poor, people start imagining a
better future. No longer content with their lot, they want improvement faster
than even a growing economy can deliver.
Question 32
(TCO 9) What are the aims of terrorists via their calculated
acts of terrorism?
To panic their enemies, to gain publicity and recruits, and
to get the foe to overreact and drive more people to side with the terrorists
To destroy as much of the economic strength of a nation as
possible
To kill national leaders
To kill their enemies, to gain recruits, and to get the UN
to overreact and cause more people to side with the terrorists
Question 33
(TCO 9) What is the crux of radical revolutionary thinking?
An economic plan to back up political ideas
Belief that it is possible to remake society
Belief that violence is the key to change
A purely ideological motive
Question 34
(TCO 9) The United States hesitated supporting the _____
revolutions because it feared they would fall under extremist influences.
Cuban
Arab Spring
Iranian
“velvet”
Question 35
(TCO 9) Hannah Arendt pointed out that rage is the fuel of
revolution, but what is now the greatest cause of rage?
The low level of education in developing nations
The enormous economic mismanagement in industrialized
nations
The extreme violence utilized by industrialized nations
against developing nations
The massive corruption now found in developing lands
Question 36
(TCO 2) Evaluate Aristotle’s six types of government. In
doing so, please be sure to list and define the categorizations. Please then
assess how these classifications can be useful today to someone analyzing
current governmental structures.
Question 37
(TCO 3) Explain the relationship between electoral systems
and party systems. Answers should be sure to assess this question from the
perspective of both proportional representation and single-member districts and
provide examples to support your points.
Question 38
(TCO 6) Socialism has evolved over the centuries from Karl
Marx’s original purposed theories. The first change took place with Leninism,
and now many liberal societies incorporate a mild form of socialism referred to
as social democracy. Your analysis should include a comparison of these forms
of government and explain how and why socialism split into these several
varieties.
Question 39
(TCO 8) The International Criminal Court (ICC) was
established to bring justice to those committing crimes against humanity, war
crimes, or genocide. It was established as an extension of the Rome Statute,
and only has jurisdiction over countries that signed this treaty. At this time,
the United States is not part of this agreement, and thus does not fall under
its jurisdiction. Construct an argument for joining such a treaty, detailing
the benefits that international treaties may offer their members and which also
addresses the possible public concerns over the loss of national sovereignty.
