POLI330 Final exam 2018

Question 1

(TCO 1) Historians and political scientists are different because historians _____ and political scientists _____.

Chapter 1, page 5

are reluctant to generalize; look for generalizations

look for generalizations; are reluctant to generalize

are more likely to look for comparisons; focus on differences

tend to focus on nature-based explanations; focus on nurture-based explanations

Question 2

(TCO 1) The notion that politicians think practically and political scientists think abstractly is indicative of which of the following?

Political scientists often train politicians.

Politicians often train political scientists.

Political scientists and politicians are different in that the former studies the latter.

Political scientists and politicians are often indistinguishable.

Question 3

(TCO 1) When people base their views on beliefs that may not be based in reality, they are behaving _____.

irrationally

rationally

politically

legitimately

Question 4

(TCO 1) Which of the following best exemplifies sovereignty?

The United States negotiating a trade agreement with Canada

The people of France acknowledging the authority of their president

Israel asserting jurisdiction over the Gaza Strip

President Obama having the support of the people who elected him

Question 5

(TCO 1) Despite a disputed 2000 presidential election, once President George W. Bush took office, few people doubted his _____.

charisma

control

legitimacy

sovereignty

Question 6

(TCO 1) Relating concepts in a way that connects them in an empirical manner is the basis of _____ building.

scholarship

theory

power

culture

Question 7

(TCO 1) The term for measuring with numbers is _____.

quantifying

hypothesis

qualifying

empirical

Question 8

(TCO 4) Unlike natural law, positive law uses _____.

the spirit of the law to make determinations

books to reach conclusions

judicial sentencing to determine case outcomes

jury selection to manipulate judgment

Question 9

(TCO 4) Under which of the following circumstances might a case be pursued as both a criminal and a civil case?

A state accuses banks of mortgage fraud, sold to investors elsewhere in the nation.

Drug traffickers violate property and federal law by moving drugs across state borders.

Burglars violate federal property and the state sues them for damages.

The federal government accuses a food manufacture of unsafe food practices and consumers injured by their product sue them.

Question 10

(TCO 4) The concept of judicial review falls under which article of the U.S. Constitution?

Article I: The Legislative Branch

Article III: The Judicial Branch

Article VI: Debts, Supremacy, Oaths

Judicial review is not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.

Question 11

(TCO 4) What legal agency in the United States generates reputation-based ratings of prospective federal judges?

Judicial Ratings Bureau

Federal Bureau of Judicial Review

American Bar Association

Office of Legal Assessment

Question 12

(TCO 4) How does the American concept of judicial review compare to the role of courts in foreign systems?

Most countries maintain a similar process of judicial review, which evaluates federal laws against the nation’s constitution.

Judicial review is more highly developed in the United States than in any other country, and Americans expect more of their courts than do other peoples.

The United States is the only developed nation to maintain the process of judicial review.

Most foreign constitutions are exempt from judicial review, stripping the courts of any power they might have in shaping legislation.

Question 13

(TCO 4) Examine the ideal role of American judges.

Judges should intervene frequently, interpreting the law according to their expertise and ensuring a fair trial.

Judges should act as umpires, passively watching the legal drama and ruling only on disputed points of procedure.

Judges should not intervene unless attorneys object, at which point they may either overrule or sustain the objection.

Judges should take an active role, questioning witnesses, eliciting evidence, and commenting on procedure.

Question 14

(TCO 4) Compare the Warren Court to those immediately succeeding it.

The Warren Court was generally considered conservative, but subsequent courts were seen as more liberal.

Subsequent courts were conservative, but not nearly as conservative as the Warren Court.

Succeeding Courts failed to represent the conservative agenda of the Warren Court.

While the Warren Court was rather progressive, subsequent courts were viewed as conservative.

Question 15

(TCO 5) Why do the responsibilities of legislative and executive powers often overlap?

Separation of powers is rarely clear-cut.

Separation of powers is rare among industrialized nations.

Separation of powers is absolute.

Separation of powers grants obtuse levels of power to the executive branch.

Question 16

(TCO 5) In a parliamentary system, voters directly elect _____.

members of Parliament and the prime minister

members of Parliament and the ministerial cabinet

members of Parliament only

the prime minister only

Question 17

(TCO 5) Because of the separation of powers inherent in a presidential system, some scholars think that executive-legislative _____ is common in systems like that used in the United States.

cooperation

stagnation

deadlock

insolvency

Question 18

(TCO 5) Each division of government in a parliamentary system is headed by a _____.

secretary

president

prime minister

minister

Question 19

(TCO 5) The only political system that could guarantee the cooperation between the legislative and executive branches is _____.

a monarchy

a dictatorship

a democracy

an oligarchy

Question 20

(TCO 5) Describe how the election process in a parliamentary system slightly resembles presidential elections in the United States.

Party chiefs run as candidates for prime minister.

Citizens vote directly for the each new prime minister.

Citizens vote for a party member with the knowledge that the next prime minister will be the head of the largest party.

The prime minister is appointed for a 4-year term and can be reappointed one time.

Question 21

(TCO 5) Describe how the United States expands its cabinet.

The president can create a new department at his or her will.

Congress must agree on the new department and provisions for its funds must be made.

In order for a new department to be developed, a former one must be deleted.

New departments are no longer developed.

Question 22

(TCO 7) Describe how today’s conservatives use the term political economy.

Conservatives use the term to try to get back to the pure market system advocated by Adam Smith.

Conservatives understand the term within the context of Machiavelli’s The Prince.

Conservatives veer toward John Stuart Mill’s usage, which advocated utilitarianism.

Conservatives take a neo-utilitarian approach, hoping to benefit the weakest members of society.

Question 23

(TCO 7) How do Keynesian economic policies differ from the traditional laissez-faire policies developed by Adam Smith?

Laissez-faire advocates for “cutthroat” capitalism, and Keynesian policies seek to spread wealth equally among a nation’s citizens.

Keynesian economics advocate for increased government control of economics, and traditional laissez-faire argues for a hands-free approach.

Smithian policies advocate for increased spending and stimuli for government-run businesses, and Keynesian economics argues for a hands-free approach.

The more liberal Smithian economies distribute wealth more evenly among society, and Keynesian economics tends to distribute wealth among the top 1%.

Question 24

(TCO 7) What event is largely considered responsible for deterring Johnson’s War on Poverty?

Great Society

Vietnam War

Middle-class entitlements

Tax expenditures

Question 25

(TCO 7) Which of the following is an increasing financial concern of the Medicare program?

The proportion of older people in American society is increasing steadily.

Every American citizen on reaching 65 obtains Medicare, regardless of class.

Economic inequality renders Medicare more necessary for some than for others.

Wealthy Americans are taking advantage of the Medicare system.

Question 26

(TCO 7) Why are many politicians wary about limiting Social Security and Medicare expenses?

Many would be left without enough to support them.

Caps to these programs would undermine the welfare state.

It can cost them votes.

Both are primary social safety nets.

Question 27

(TCO 7) Compare American and Canadian views on the size of government.

Americans believe the government is too small, and Canadians feel that government intrudes on individual privacy.

As citizens of similar nations located in North America, both Americans and Canadians feel that government is too large.

Americans and Canadians generally agree that government should be larger, funding welfare programs such as Medicaid and food stamps.

Many Americans believe government is too large, and Canadians recognize that government has a pivotal role to play and accept higher taxes.

Question 28

(TCO 7) Theoretically, what are the consequences if the government assumes the burden of bad loans?

Citizens will default on their mortgages.

Banks will learn from their mistakes and pay back the burden with interest.

Ultimately, the government will profit.

Firms will be encouraged to continue their risky behavior.

Question 29

(TCO 9) Rarely the work of small bands and conspirators alone, _____ are usually the result of system collapse, which permits small but well-organized groups (often military) to take over.

the erosion of legitimacy

acts of genocide

dictatorships

coups d’état

Question 30

(TCO 9) What is the relationship between a high sense of government legitimacy among the people and police officers when legitimacy is high?

Spending on policing is low.

There are fewer police interfering in civilian life.

Fewer police are needed.

The police must use a particularly heavy hand.

Question 31

(TCO 9) How is high unemployment relevant to civil conflict?

Unemployed young men incline naturally to unrest.

The unemployed tend to be passive, keeping civil conflict at bay.

Unemployed mothers, desperate for their children, tend to take to the streets.

The unemployed tend to be uninformed about politics, and therefore rarely take part in civil conflict.

Question 32

(TCO 9) What are the aims of terrorists via their calculated acts of terrorism?

To panic their enemies, to gain publicity and recruits, and to get the foe to overreact and drive more people to side with the terrorists

To destroy as much of the economic strength of a nation as possible

To kill national leaders

To kill their enemies, to gain recruits, and to get the UN to overreact and cause more people to side with the terrorists

Question 33

(TCO 9) What is the crux of radical revolutionary thinking?

An economic plan to back up political ideas

Belief that it is possible to remake society

Belief that violence is the key to change

A purely ideological motive

Question 34

(TCO 9) Does terrorism work?

Rarely, and seldom without political and/or economic pressure

Rarely, but primarily when brought against democratic nations

Often, and without much need for political pressure to aid it

Often, but only with the assistance of economic and/or political pressure

Question 35

(TCO 9) Why do some scholars say velvet revolutions are not revolutions at all?

They are not ideologically driven.

They fail to bring about genuine democracy.

They lack the ferocious qualities of violent revolutions.

They don’t bring about real regime change.

Question 36

(TCO 2) Democracy has changed dramatically since its original application in ancient Athens. Describe the evolution of democracy by comparing and contrasting direct democracy with representative democracy. In completing this comparison, be sure to incorporate Aristotle’s concerns about democracy and assess the stability offered by these variations within democracy.

Question 37

(TCO 3) Compare and contrast interest groups and political parties. In your response, be sure to provide examples their similarities and differences. In addition, please assess what advantages interest groups offer that political parties don’t and then what advantages d political parties offer that interest groups don’t.

Question 38

(TCO 6) Since the end of WWII, international relations have been framed by the conflict between liberal governments and communist ideals. Compare and contrast the features of these systems and assess their continued impact on the global community. Please be certain to explain classical and modern liberalism, socialism, and communism within your responses and provide examples to support your points.

(TCO 8) The United Nations is an international organization that promotes the idea of using diplomacy as a means of preventing war. Investigate the role of diplomacy in maintaining peace between nations. What actions might a diplomat take to encourage peace? What are some factors that may cause diplomacy to fail? Please be sure to provide specific examples in your response.